SUBTITLES:
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00:04
nobody knew that the way we build cities
had any influence on lifestyles and
people's life that could be some
theories about it but there was no
knowledge and then I realized that a lot
of basic knowledge was needed
Perez's approach astaizzu philosophia al
igual con esta la hermana L&R dora
rincey tamanna samos medidas pero no
tienen que ver con las medidas la
protección see no más bien con la
protección al caminar a low salar una
00:40
Ciudad a scintilla alum tender la al
process Arliss
okay crema says Jenner Arkell debate a
nlk surgeon ideas y experiencias de
otros los países en el caso del estudio
de jangled son los responsable de lo que
muchos ctoc AMA la stroget estación de
la ciudad es lo que en copenhagen ciarán
en el Ostrow gay Paseo de employ sunmo
de los a seguir lo que muchas Jenner are
esos analysis compare DeVos contrast our
experiencias persuasion con el espacio
01:20
público con el paisaje CA Mo's condo
empezamos Nellis to do a secret or say a
knows no interest Abba any a polka track
t de la moda hacer precios manu mentos
martine take euro appreciation a
nosotros queremos hacer algo distinto de
ahora todo el mundo interests alone is
no queremos hablando todos estos a es
una philosophia que de repente hou
popular it is so cheap to be sweet to
people in City Benny compared to any
other investments it cost next to
01:52
nothing so there are really perspectives
because man is basically a very clever
animal who knows what what he likes and
who knows when he is on comforter
imagine a science-fiction film when a
cold distant urban landscape
imagine that we live in that future
right now
the Mekas it is a reality and it looks a
lot like the visions of science fiction
03:35
films through the 20th century
gigas it is a soon-to-be
in the midst of this cold bleak vision
of the future we have the human being it
doesn't fit the cliche of maternity it
is personal warm intimate
social
in our search for opportunities money
and a better life we move to the cities
but does the way we built cities invite
for human interaction inclusion and
04:30
intimacy what is the scale for measuring
happiness in the city
sometimes I would say that even today we
know much more about a good habitat for
mountain gorillas or Siberian tigers
than we know about a good urban habitat
for Homo sapiens
understanding the nature and the
attitude and aspiration of the people is
the whistling definitely they're like
the solution
05:22
so when is the question coming what is
the definition of modernity what is the
definition of being modern
if you think about how he lived
historically we lived in tribes and
clans and extended householders from
Bank villages big family groups and I
guess our natural state is to be
together with other people and as a very
06:01
very modern phenomenon that we suddenly
live either in very tiny households but
two three people are live completely
alone
the time around 1960 was quite an
interesting period where the boom the
economic boom and the Industrial Age in
the Western countries really took off
and a lot of people moved from the
countryside to the cities and they were
big housing shortage
the modern is really expressed that this
07:01
was a big cut with everything of the
past and the housing was conceived as a
machine for living and the city was
conceived as a machine for living
actually the city was out if anybody at
07:33
any time wanted to pay professionals to
make a city planning idea which would
kill city life it could not have been
done better than what the modern is
accomplished
when I was a kid so Henry is totally
different at that time the economic
situation is not that great people are
poor so a lot of you who are worried
08:21
about their food this country was more
about agriculture but things the last 30
years the opening to the door to the
world and that the Chinese people are
moving to the cities so the urbanization
is the real challenge and also the speed
is very fast
the Bucheon is for economic perspective
09:04
but the the other on the other hand this
post colleges for environment energy and
people's livability
all the people moving into the city has
to be customized to the city life and
they change their living styles also
means the city is becoming bigger and
bigger today we see the process of
09:48
urbanization most strongly in China
where people undergoing the same
modernization as the West but in less
than a generation new housing
developments are built on the fringes of
the cities and people commute to work in
the center
the high-rise business districts drive
the economy and have become the
signature image of a modern Chinese city
we were so excited to compete with all
foreign countries whether you have a
10:28
taller building we have a even taller
beauty
so however after all these years sinking
back and I think we made a lot of the
same mistakes as the western countries
has made
this change also lost a lot of the older
City characteristics such as diluting
life such as the neighborhood the small
neighborhood the neighborhood the
11:18
tightness even down the major streets
the the shops are along the streets you
don't travel very long
traditional Chinese houses the hutong
were arranged around courtyards and
alleyways how does it affect us as
people when a physical landscape changes
when a social corridor a neighbourhood
corner on occasional meeting place
disappears
12:29
well our generation becomes richer and
the we tend to appreciate the
opportunity to owns a car have a car and
to drive a car yes
the consumption of cars and real estate
is the main generator of growth
worldwide it's a national Chinese policy
to build roads and highways to maintain
the high growth in the coming decade the
number of vehicles is expected to double
13:28
fivefold
they learn a lot from America we learn
that leave Li the highways we leave the
superblock so I think it's really
important to think beyond just those
modern stuff but really look at how
those things about people and if this is
the right thing to support n is people
we're never heard ah never what is going
on what on a four
despite the disappearance of traditional
14:37
lifestyles big modern cities are
successful growth engines which have
moved 300 million Chinese out of poverty
and into a living standard equal to
Western countries in only 20 years most
of these people live in cities it is
estimated that another 300 million will
reach this level of wealth in just a
couple decades
when the city becomes a bigger you're
15:20
biking becomes a to longer trip
it doesn't fit anymore you have much
more much greater pressure for your
commuting because you're commuting such
a long distance and take a much more
time out of your day when they get home
it's already dark after dinner you feel
15:49
so tired and nobody knows each other
very well and I don't know my neighbor
at all
you could do more human-oriented
planning
you think from a people's and as you are
a person what kind of life would you
like to have
in the 1960s Copenhagen went for the
16:52
same modernization as China today going
to and from the residences was very
boring through maybe green lawns or
there was no activity no shops no
nothing just you and the grass and the
sky and there was a main critique of
housing in the in the 60s and the big
estates was that it was made so that you
17:27
have isolation perfectly you go out and
water your plants in the garden and look
up and down the street and there is
nobody coming coming again nobody knew
that the way we build cities had any
influence on lifestyles and people's
life that could be some theories about
it but there was no knowledge and then I
realized that a lot of basic knowledge
was needed
since the 1940s City Planning had been
18:00
structured around the more toka the
traffic flow was documented
systematically to improve the speed and
efficiency of cars Yankee decided to
develop a different set of data that
could challenge the single-minded focus
on traffic flow as a teacher at the
School of Architecture he included his
students and colleagues in the research
it was super refreshing just to be at
the one space a whole day early morning
till the evening and actually see what
people are doing there how long time are
18:33
they there why are they standing where
are they walking and when you map it but
at the same time you see how things
evolve people's behavior patterns in
public spaces became obvious when cars
were pushed out of the main street of
Copenhagen as more and more streets were
pedestrianised over the years young gate
studied how these changes influence
people's behavior
when more streets were pedestrianised he
documented systematically how public
19:12
life multiplied the main shopping street
became a walking street parking was
pushed away from a major inner city
harbor later the main square became a
square so we found this predictability
which we have known about the motorcar
said if you make more roads you will
have more traffic but now we also knew
it about city life puppet life if you
19:46
have more space for people you will have
more public life
if we can have spaces where most of us
feel invited so you're not in their
space or they're coming in your space
but you are in our space then we has
this possibility of meeting across
different layers of society different
user groups different lifestyles
and
being urban has something to do with
being able to cope in the meeting of
20:25
perfectly strangers somebody you don't
know
it's very obvious that in these cities
where they have lost the public space
they are by now generally very
interested in refighting and we kindling
the idea of public space what do we do
when people are not coming out of their
private homes anymore the in these
cities life has been totally privatized
you
in 2007 the methods of studying people
21:44
and public life were taken to kneel like
many other North American cities New
York had focused entirely on traffic
efficiency and built a gigantic system
of highways that connected with suburban
homes hours away Robert Moses in the
1950s brought an extraordinary amount of
change to New York City and he built a
lot of expressways roadways so moving
quickly is certainly still a very strong
part of the legacy that we have from
22:16
Robert Moses and thinking big is also a
big part of that
and if you're planning you know if
you're if you're a Moses type planner
you want to control that as much as
possible and by controlling it you
really sort of you know extinguish that
possibility for life to pop up because
you streamline things you separate
functions you put um you separate work
from from play from leisure and you
think about it in a very concrete system
that's an equilibrium but that's not
what what makes place is fantastic
22:50
that's not what made the city great then
or what is making it great now
a hundred years ago or sixty years ago
the car was new it held the promise for
the future it seemed to be the way of
progress now we've grown up we've seen
what a fully built out automobile world
is like and we see a lot of the negative
side effects that people maybe could
have appreciated we're going to happen
280 years ago but we're living in a
world that's choked with traffic
everywhere where we've made our own
human living environment deadly for
people I mean we've destroyed the human
23:23
living environment with all of this
traffic and people see that and they
also realize you can't build your way
out of traffic they mean the I we've
tried to plow highways through
neighborhoods to double-deck highways to
do everything that we could think of and
we fail
no this isn't good enough we've been
resting on our laurels for so long so
there was this desire to move beyond
that paradigm of Moses and there's no
question if you're a New Yorker you know
that the city needs to change our city
24:09
has been outdated and our systems have
been outdated and so this took a big
picture of you and saying okay we're
going to actually leverage this growth
to our advantage by investing in our key
infrastructure systems and and looking
at that as a way to bring the city into
a state of repair and a state of
competitiveness that was you know me
would make us the greatest greenest city
in the world you know if you see
pictures of Times Square before the
24:41
image of New York was always sort of
fast-moving taxis through Times Square
or people you know hailing a cab
there was a very dominant I think kind
of car culture of of New York City you
know the traffic planners had become
maybe the most powerful powerful people
in the city
the d-o-t had never measured pedestrian
traffic
you know they had never been only been
counting cars they had no quantitative
tools for measuring you know the
25:16
pedestrian experience so really you know
there's an adage that is so true in the
business world which is that you you
care about what you measure they were
simply maximizing the wrong thing so to
refocus all of those engineers and
planners you needed new quantitative
tools and you needed to give them new
benchmarks a new goal posts and that's
what Yin helped us do get the baseline
data set some targets now let's plan our
street to meet them
really our first task was to survey
25:49
streets and spaces and and monitor how
people are walking how they're spending
time in the streets what type of
activities are engaging in where they're
spending time their use patterns all
sorts of data that basically didn't
exist before the city had a lot of data
about private vehicles but didn't have a
lot of data about people
90% of the roadway in Times Square was
allocated to cars and only 10% to people
and yet 90% of the people who use the
space were pedestrians and only 10% cars
26:29
so we needed to change the math
what Time Square has no square a 89% of
it isn't even a square that's that's
very simple to understand and you know
people can react to it and demand more
no place to sit along Broadway everyone
understands that that's that's a real
shame so we were able to I think with
some very simple very even maybe the now
observations frame them you know in a
political context that allowed everyone
to say you know what the street is
underperforming this is not worthy of a
27:07
world-class City
the plane was to define a new way to
move in the city
Broadway would be closed for traffic
along the major squares from uptown to
downtown
and a network of bike lanes would be
built to connect with surrounding
boroughs
we're very opinionated in New York City
so there were eight point four million
opinions about what should be done we
27:55
don't need any bicycle lanes in New York
City because it was more like white
bicycle because people don't have time
to ride bicycle Wonder to Friday
American life is like machine
any any type of the suggestion of change
was met with resistance because it
affected their everyday routine
and I think what this change was spurred
on by was more of an alignment a
mechanism essentially I think that
28:53
mechanism was the pilot project process
overnight essentially the the street was
closed chairs put in tons of people used
it there was this huge latent demand
that existed the entire time that just
swooped into this into this area
but it wasn't quite good enough you know
people are saying complaining you know
this is cheap folding chairs from Costco
that's not New York City that's not
Times Square
so not long after that they needed to
revise their approach and get some
better quality furniture the idea was
29:35
doing something and giving people a
chance to experience it not doing the
perfect thing and making it right from
day one
it's a shift from the one heroic vision
to a more iterative evolution of what
cities can become
it's giving people just a little bit of
a taste of like what their lives could
be like every day of the year
if simply the space were designed and
managed for them and for their kids and
for you know the neighborhood
and I am so encouraged by the fact that
31:15
New York has 50 million visitors a year
now and all of those visitors to our
city are now seeing Times Square um you
know bicycles everywhere and they're
taking that back to Kansas City no
they're taking that back you know to
Minneapolis and and elsewhere and
they're saying you know what my idea of
a city has just been transformed my idea
of the city street is now different than
it was before and that's precisely what
America needs right now because we have
had this love affair with the automobile
you know for a hundred years and you
know the oils running out and you know
31:47
people want a different lifestyle you
know at times where there was a snowball
fight that took place completely
spontaneous completely unplanned and
it's not like I ever thought hey we're
gonna reclaim space here and it's gonna
be a snowball fight
you know that maybe wildness you know of
a city can really only happen when you
have a critical mass of people living
their lives in the public realm
you know when everyone's shuttered
indoors there's never there's no
32:29
vitality there's no spontaneity and it's
a living thing
you
so it's a wellspring of human
interaction that is always I think
feeding us and you know what when you
see it you know when you walk down the
street you know in Copenhagen you can
see that organic human quality that I
think good cities have
chungqing is like many but maybe
especially one of the cities that is
known by its skyline driving to chanting
33:45
the first time crossing one of the
bridges to the downtown area overlooking
the rivers seeing all the high-rises
seeing all the neon lights is in many
way what we expect and a dream of seeing
in a Chinese city
the downtown area of Chongqing is
defined by a peninsula much like
Manhattan here the roads follow the
length of the peninsula rather than
crossing a new plane for more effective
pedestrian network to crisscross the
34:26
downtown area was developed this is a
pilot project that aims to influence
policymakers all over China
one small route is implemented to show
this approach firsthand
we made a number of strategies or
recommendations and one of the places we
made a recommendation about of course
what is called route three which is one
pedestrian route in the inner city area
we should consider maybe adding more
benches because people still want to sit
light it when you take some existing
35:03
spaces and we utilize them better will
you make them inviting before walking
for social interaction every little
corner every little square metre between
the buildings has been given new payment
has been integrated in this new route
and has been given importance for the
local community so over there they took
35:40
the sidewalk through I actually thought
they have done it here as well at one
point we're creating a pedestrian route
at one point this pedestrian route meets
a road atheria or street atheria meaning
it's an important traffic route in the
city so the question is who do we
prioritize and we convince the local
planners that at this point this being
part of a strategy to implement new
pedestrian routes was very important
that they prioritize pedestrians got a
good see per crossing pull sidewalks
36:11
true to make it a nice and convenient
for everyone young and old to walk in
this area and they did this and they
implemented it and this was done not six
months ago but actually I thought the
sidewalk had gone through here otherwise
it hasn't changed her they changed it
back yeah yesterday we learned that the
traffic police and the traffic planning
department hadn't gone in and removed
the implementation again and to create a
new road space but it's really bad the
36:42
day
let's change back I still carry care
about vehicles it's very important that
we actually create examples showing that
you can make a different choice then it
can be attractive to make a choice where
you don't have the car and that is still
rare in a Chinese context the
small-scale of the street is extremely
important
my wife and I started in Italy to
37:22
document very carefully by counting the
people and seeing whether they were
standing in the Sun or in the shade and
what was going on in Italy and why was
Italy famous for being such a nice place
for people
we always keep the old cities in
5-kilometer on our scale that means that
when you move at five clemmy's an hour
walking you can see the people you're
sort of squeezed a little bit together
and it's a very sensual and interesting
38:25
world you can see all the details there
are colors and of smells acoustics which
are very interesting
if you go to a modern housing area it
suddenly makes sense that much of the
stuff in the suburbs are made so that
the cars would be happy when going 60
kilometres an hour for doing 60
kilometer you need big spaces big
signals big turning radius that's a
completely different scale from the
39:10
scale of the walking man
I think everybody would love to live
with a garden in the house and I think
that's a natural instinct but when it's
the choice of how much that costs you
and how much time you have to spend
getting to work you might start to weigh
that up so people will work out the
economics of the city they'll work out
that living in the suburbs is maybe not
a good investment and what used to be
our parents idea of investment will not
39:49
be ours I would have agreed with you
three or four years ago but the Great
Australian dream of a free-standing
detached house with a front garden a
large back garden with two cars in the
garage was the universal aspiration of
young people I have seen a shift in that
view just this week we've had academics
saying that creating these suburbs by
just rolling out houses like a carpet is
actually going to create ghettos of the
future which will make people ill which
40:19
will have poorer health outcomes so
we're building in a problem for
ourselves not only obesity but social
isolation and financial hardship all of
those symptoms and are showing up on the
edge of Australian capital cities
can you change the city model if it was
built for the car what I found in the
1980s was that Melbourne was in fact I
almost no population living in the city
and we were asked to write a strategy
for change and all we did was listen to
40:56
the people we just listen to what they
were saying and realized that what the
question we were being given was how do
you make a 24-hour City but make it feel
and look like Melbourne isn't life
something organic that jumps up wherever
we don't expect can you decide and plain
a lively city can you change people's
desires why walk when you can choose the
41:27
car why live in a small apartment where
you can have a house and a garden
Rob Adams discovered a hidden resource
in the layout of the downtown grid which
became key to attract life back to the
city
the laneways were the crappiest space
you could think of in Melbourne earlier
it was the the it felt unsafe it was the
back side of buildings there you had all
the air conditioners and dumpsters and
42:08
everything was in those phases and it
was never ever thought about as a as a
people space but at the same time they
had this very nice human scale to them
they were narrow they were in shadow
which is nice in in most part of the
year so by opening up the buildings and
transforming the friendliness you could
say of the environment it completely
changed the life of the city and on the
42:40
streets now became places where people
want to stay so we started introducing
cafe bars and we went from 2 in 1985 to
over 500 today so people know us sit on
the streets enjoy coffee and the streets
have become our living room
Melbourne has been consistent over the
past 30 years in its policy to bring
people back to live in the city centre
in the future the population is expected
to double but the city plan to
43:22
accommodate for this growth without
needing to build more suburbs we have
3.6 billion people living in cities
today 50% of the world's population
that's gonna rise to 6.5 billion people
by 2050 we're almost gonna have to
double the urban capacity of our cities
in 40 years
are we as nimble as China well China is
undergoing what is the world's greatest
social experiment how do you move more
than a billion people from the agrarian
to an urban environment and that verben
43:58
environment is is not for all and and I
see things they do very quickly but I
also see things where I worry about what
is the consequence of that in 20 or 30
years time so there is nothing to fear
from growth there is from unplanned
growth and if we start to address how we
make people happy how we make our cities
financially viable the only way is to
look at cities very carefully and
understand how they work we haven't got
the time or money to build the
44:28
infrastructure we all need for the
capacity we need in the next 50 years so
we'll have to look at our city and start
to think about how do you do more with
less
if you look back to tears from now the
city was almost a city like madness
unfortunately after the liberation war
the government's policy became very very
central to Raqqa and internal migration
started very very highly nowadays is
45:19
almost crossing seven to eight percent
every year then Raqqa started going so
having that huge pressure if you could
just control and conserve our potential
resources this could be a wonderful city
Dokka is the fastest growing city in the
world half a million people moved here
from the countryside every year to
handle this pressure Duggan follows the
urban model we have seen in China and
45:56
the West a model based on cars
highways high-rise residential suburbs
and a massive consumption of energy why
we have to copy a Western world and just
push it into a planning process this
particular notion of living how we are
addressing it how we are denying it how
we are denying their aspiration is a
sample how we are destroying the very
flavor
what this city could have
a group of activists in dhaka have
46:51
translated young games books they have
introduced his methods of counting
pedestrians rickshaws and public life to
inspire a different approach to planning
I think it was the year 2005 when the
common people saw that the the
government is taking the initiative that
they are the banning reaches from some
Road so what is the reason they are
there pointing out the rich' is one of
47:22
the main source of traffic congestion in
haka in mid 400k then the banda ricksha
now what we found now thus traffic
congestion is still there and they just
overlook the main issue the main problem
was there the parking problem the cause
without any furniture they they have the
facility this private car companies they
are just making the class and now this
47:57
is the zone to sell it so it is one of
the policy they are giving loan may be
the ADB may be the wall bank they are
giving loan for making the roads for
making the flyovers so they are making
it it is their business area they are
selling it they're giving us aid not it
is not aid we have to pay back them and
we are burdened with that loan so we
shouldn't follow that model
48:35
so when the government is banning
ricksha they are destroying the
opportunities of employment and 300,000
pictures with 600,000 diction rulers
they are the poor people so by this what
they can do if they aren't something for
today they will eat if they don't they
don't only the five-person are using the
private car 37% and using the rickshaw
49:08
if the 37% are shifted for using the
private car so I think I can move
anywhere I have to just sit in the car
and what I don't know I have to sleep
there and feed there and everything it's
my car and I have the car and I have to
do nothing that's it
the policies and the planning when it
comes from the top it never understand
the very ass position of the people so
when we are doing it you have
encompassed only the rich people or
50:14
upper middle income people rest of the
people who actually dominated in terms
of number has been left out and the
whole problem started growing because
unfortunately if you don't encompass
everybody into your planning and
understanding of transportation housing
you actually walking towards the cameras
created by yourself because you have
disregarded them but they are always
there you can say there and along she
didn't exist but they do exist
50:46
and the problem started from there how
this modality should be prioritized who
should be
the new 10-year plan for improving
duckin prioritizes highways and road
infrastructure it is heavily funded by
the World Bank the government will spend
ten million dollars under destron
facilities while the budget for flyovers
will be 1 billion activist complained
51:36
that the plane is socially unfair
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Cathy Ayala got a photo to predict a
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Jenna put back with one girl Aschenbach
52:12
otter to eject evaluate amalgam that I
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I think maybe Kalevala leg
52:46
I'm gonna put you on brilliant use my
videos challenge old buddy internet was
born what you want if that was to look
up at 17 a family a house Majority MA
but it's nice
at the current growth rate the
population is expected to double from
160 million people today to more than
300 in just a few decades with this
constant ik w print if each person had
the one car like America will have a 300
53:33
million car will there be any space in
Bangladesh
so I'm someplace that I become mad I not
met but I feel very uneasy we are
thinking I don't know how I can explain
you
you see some time I can sleep night
night properly only think that what we
are eating if all the foodstuffs are
already easy with the dough toxic
54:17
chemical in etc but other problems is
becoming our more and more prone
permanent target is considered a high
risk earthquake zone the urban
development magnifies this problem heavy
the land mass is fast being covered with
asphalt and concrete which causes rain
water to flow into the polluted river
system the groundwater is therefore the
only resource and it is depleting
54:51
quickly
last year a small earthquake and
magnitude 5.4 hit the city in the case
of a major earthquake it is estimated
that eighty thousand high-rise buildings
will collapse there is a connectivity
soil structure is changing as a result
even a minor earthquake can become the
more fitnah more problem you see that
one structure the soil condition is
changed then bearing capacity goodness
55:30
something I cannot firstly because I see
that if if are quite with six magnitude
much of the bimini will not survive
this thesis we have certain conditions
learning
a kid walking through the road and
around your house what he sees this is
wrong trees getting out of the state's
growing the CSX small butterflies
56:32
to see life you see how it goes then
when you go off we will take care of
lives of others it's not school it's not
a book
it is the timeframe of your life you
learn so when we make us run a city into
a place where you don't want your kids
someone you are raising generations when
they grow up they will be not human
if we see like it's a bridge I think we
57:13
can see what is what is end of this
bridge because our destination is the
Western modern world now we have started
the journey now we are in the middle of
the bridge we can see oh my god these
capitals stick model all these modern
things all this cause all these highways
destroyed their life now I can set up my
journey okay which way I can go we count
57:48
we measure calculate and maximize but if
we count the four billion people living
in third-world countries and what will
happen when they drive a car pollute and
consume the amount of energy that we do
but if we started all over
imagine waking up and being attacked by
someone with a large piece of wood I
mean you didn't know what was happening
the power was out the noise was
incredible
you could not stand you could not find
anything you had no sense of bearings
59:07
the room was strewn with books and
things that had fallen over and this was
happening for maybe half a million
people
in 2011 Christchurch New Zealand
underwent a devastating earthquake the
inner city suffered the worst damage and
most casualties there happened in
high-rise buildings
yes the immediate response you know
after the earthquake has build up back
as it was before just make it say you
know distributed and again there's a
59:54
there's a lot of research about cities
after disasters and and and what happens
after a disaster is your quality of life
is destroyed I mean it's it's really
it's much less than it was before the
quake and you kind of have a choice
really that you can try and just get
back up to where you are but the
international evidence suggests that
what you want to do is try and improve
the quality of life beyond where you
were before to try and make up some of
that lost kind of ground now we've got
five years of kind of hardship and and
01:00:25
and and they're in the aisle but but but
if we can make Christchurch a better
place maybe that'll help us kind of
regain some of that um some of the you
know the lost quality of life the lost
stone yeah the damage to our physical
environment the center of Christchurch
is named the red zone and the public is
not allowed to access the area the
structural damage to the building still
standing is so great that the entire
city has to be demolished it is
01:00:58
estimated that up to 1500 buildings will
be torn down before rebuilding begins
I remember the first time came to
Christchurch the city wasn't shocked I
guess they needed a kind of therapy to
talk about everything they've been
through but how do you start
how'd you start rebuilding a city from
scratch almost our central city and I
guess the big thing was you had to be
inclusive out to be everybody's project
this presentation please welcome back to
01:01:39
Christchurch David sim I've heard a lot
about remarks this morning about these
foreign experts are coming and telling
you what to do I can promise you I'm not
gonna tell you anything that you have to
do my job I'm here to listen I want to
find out what you want to do and I want
to run everything I can do with my team
to help you do that so what kind of city
do you want and everybody has something
to share and so the idea of a program
that would reach out to everybody in the
01:02:13
city in which we could get their ideas
together and help us understand what it
was that our people wanted going forward
because the adversity of the distraction
was the opportunity of rebuilding a new
future
we called it share an idea obviously we
need new rules but it's about the spaces
between the buildings although I think
got a huge opportunity see the spaces
between the lines of mental vision we
thought of it like a movement if you
like them
where we invited people to share an idea
about what they how they thought
01:02:44
Christchurch should be and we ended up
with one hundred and six thousand ideas
you know about what Christchurch
should be like
we employed maybe a hundred people to
sit down and type in all of this
information came in online and came on
bits of paper posters and out popped all
of the keywords that people were
focusing on they wanted a low-rise city
much like many of the older European
cities they wanted spaces that they
could relate to they wanted cycleways
01:03:21
they wanted more Gardens they wanted a
smaller retail area not one that was
spread out they wanted effectively a
city for people
the people of the city without being
told what to think came together and
their ideas were really identical to so
much of the work that yarn had been
doing around the world it's really
proving in a sense that the things that
we want when we are people as opposed to
really thinkers corporations are
01:03:59
actually very very common we mean a
section in the plant we showed that you
actually have quite tall office building
six seven storeys and still have the
tower of the Cathedral standing proud
above all of that I mean if you imagine
the Cathedral the tallest spire in the
middle of all of this it could be a
fantastic composition
if you imagine well this is like before
like the normal signs of a city you know
cars buses people talking children
01:04:38
laughing and screaming it's kind of is
really weird this islands on the fight
you could hear birds singing I'm nothing
like no shouldn't be like that
let's shoot I just know why where do
they go from here
I think if you're a historian you can
talk about this English style or this
Victorian style I think for Agra people
01:05:23
the buildings have are much more
important value which is about memory
like that was the coffee where I used to
go on Saturdays with my granny past the
shop we are I bought those shoes that's
where my hairdresser was this is where I
met my girlfriend I was standing on the
corner there I saw for the first time
there and just two doors time we had our
first cup of coffee those kind of
stories are much more interesting
because they touches emotionally what's
01:05:54
great about cities as they're full of
these stories overlapping stories
overlapping memories I mean such Liam
misses very moving when you read some of
these like why are we doing nothing to
save what's left of our heritage
building what of our past will we leave
for our future I think people are
feeling all of the memories are gonna be
gone as well and I think that's a really
obscene what we have seen the city it's
01:06:23
not just bricks and mortar and I guess
that's kind of coming through in all of
this because I mean this is about it's
about love I mean this is hard and this
but people little heart-shaped because
people love their city I guess they
won't back or they wonder lose some of
the bike
the plane for Christchurch has become a
big pedal land owners and developers
fight the regulations against high-rise
office buildings the public insists on a
01:07:01
low-rise city with a lively public
center where residents and businesses
can coexist the large majority of people
want low-rise buildings when we did the
economic feasibility study which takes
time yeah interestingly and Fang you
know six storeys when you look at the
return on though you know and so the
building costs versus you know the
likely kind of rental the best return
was about six storeys so about six
storeys you've got to have greater
foundation depth you've got to have
stronger structures within the building
so you kind of feel there's a kind of
threshold above that we're actually the
01:07:32
costs you know go up much more than the
return so you have to pull a lot higher
than that to come up we know to balance
you know to get as good a rate of return
the big problem with tall buildings is
interesting because there's loads of
research on this you can ask a surgeon
or you can ask a district nurse what is
the foundation of health and we'll see
more or less the same thing fresh air
exercise meet people and the higher you
are in a building the less likely
article in and out spontaneously so it
01:08:12
means the people in the building's have
more boring lives and you have much less
life on the streets so this thing about
getting out moving about meeting people
is really really vital and so I wanted
to find a tool wave communicating what
cities are about and I wanted to find a
simple way of talking about it and why
discovered was if you give up with a few
pieces of labels in front of people
01:08:42
people immediately start playing with
them I guess I was a Lego kid I played a
lot with Lego as a child and you can
discuss how dangerous Lego is as in
terms of I kind of like you are kind of
like the God in the world of Lego and
you build things from above and it's
kind of helicopter perspective that can
be very dangerous visit if you can start
building things because you can without
thinking what is it you really need
01:09:15
welcome to the Lego workshop we're doing
three different tasks the first one is
to build yourself then think about the
kind of things you like doing the city
and then build a model of the place
you'd like to see in the central city
okay and a way through these small small
scenarios you start building up pictures
of what the city could be like and I can
think of something which beer really
cooks if you imagine we were just inside
the buildings we could be looking down
01:09:46
all this activity and though it may make
us want to come outside me part of it
this could be a starting point for
talking about all these very complex
city issues that we're trying to
approach because he started thinking
about who's the environment for who are
we working for it's it's is for people
on April 18th 2012 the responsibility
for rebuilding Christchurch was taken
01:10:20
away from the City Council and placed in
a new unit led by the national
government the government promised to
respect the overall vision for the city
the greatest strengths that you have
when I'm faced for example with central
government or from a business community
some of whom who may say no no no we
don't want these rules I've got the
ideas and the vision of my people here
are you going to ignore that the City
Council developed a legal framework
01:10:50
called the second volume this described
restrictions on high-rise buildings and
rules against parking this volume was
discarded by the government we've
decided to accept Volume one but in the
meantime put volume two aside for a
period because it will be premature I
think to accept those rules and would be
most appropriate to review those rules
as the blueprint is developed over the
next 100 days the dilemma is difficult
01:11:21
the enormous rebuild will provide a
massive boost to the economy if it
attracts fast investments from
developers international hotels and
corporations
but profit is short-term so is political
decision making with elections every
four years but cities are built to
standard hundred or thousand years it
seems like you add a tipping point right
now between becoming la or becoming
Copenhagen very much thing yeah yeah
01:11:53
yes and and while you know I'd like to
you know pretend that I'm in control of
that I'm not fair yeah there are much
they're a big economic you know forces
at play really which will shape if you
throw the city and the behavior people
so there's a lot of talk about the
future city of Christchurch and it's
very exciting and yes it will be green
and psycho friendly lalala and I find it
very exciting but my kind of question is
well what's going to happen now because
a people just going to wait for this
01:12:36
future city to be built I think I think
people need things to do now people need
to feel like something is happening
gap-filler provides a way for something
to happen now you get life in a city by
not trying to plan for everything by
allowing things to happen organically
where possible life comes when you give
people a chance to contribute something
and I think that it proves that people
need spaces to come and come and do that
01:13:12
kind of thing to just come and dance
I guess there is this very difficult
tradition of which comes from the way we
teach architecture and planning the idea
that one person can solve everything
oh we even have this term the master
plan like I'm gonna do the master plan
but you'll answer all questions and of
course we know is it possible cities are
unbelievably complex so even the idea of
a master plan is really crazy all we can
01:14:10
do make is enter a framework we can make
a very robust framework which allows
life to take place one thing I can be
sure about in 10 years and 20 years and
50 years hundred years human beings will
be more or less the same size our senses
will work more or less the same way we
will probably enjoy meeting each other
and the same way we enjoy meeting each
other today I may just as happy about
01:14:41
handshakes and hugs I'm flirting
glimpses
I don't believe we can plan for things I
don't need by me drawing a line I can
make things happen I can't force anybody
to do anything for be anyone but we can
make invitations we can invite people to
walk we can invite people to sit to stay
invitations to
01:15:14
a better everyday a better way to cross
the street a better way to wait for the
bus a better way to live your life
that's all we can do
200 years ago the world had 1 billion
people today we're 7 billion by the end
of this century we will be 10 we
estimate that 80% of us will live in
cities by then how we live in a city
01:15:51
look a hundred years from now
as I see the scenery City Planning has
been going on quite a number of years
when a rather incomplete toolbox it is
so cheap to be sweet to people in City
Planning compared to any other
investments it costs next to nothing so
there are really perspectives because
man is basically a very clever animal
01:16:27
who knows what what he likes and who
knows when he is on comforter
you
you
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