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these shining ones of Mesopotamia what
or who are the shining ones it's
possibly the biggest question to come
out of Mesopotamia it's such a unique
specific terminology to describe a group
of beings and it is or deities
however the shining ones as they're
referred to in so many ancient cultures
and texts all supposedly independent
from each other they're often given
specific names in those cultures yet
they're nicknamed the shining ones
whatever the attribution of shining
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means is a nickname that stuck across
vast distances and epochs in Mesopotamia
they were referred to as the OP Khalu
the Anunnaki or her shoe generally
they're described as serpent beings
seven sages fish beings feathered
serpents angels watchers or elders in
ancient Egypt they went by the name of
Neteru or shem su hor
the Dogon culture spinoff from Egypt
they were called the Nomos in India they
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bore names like Davis or Nagas biblical
accounts give them or their descendants
names like Elohim Nephilim Gabor 'm
seraphim or Rephaim whether world
mythologies religious or ancient
historical texts there is repetitive
specific references to a group of
divinity known as The Shining ones
they're often presented as gifted
individuals preservers of ancient
knowledge they're often described as
amazing deities who created mankind and
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walked among humans at the same time
there are also described as serpent fish
like angels or bird men however the
OPCON lose certainly in later Babylonian
times may have simply been some
priesthood re-enacting rituals
associated with the original shining
ones mythology oral history and
symbolism may well be the only method of
knowledge keeping that lasts the ravages
of time texts degrade maybe they last
millennia but eventually all
disintegrate mythology and symbolism is
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not a perfect record
keeping mechanism it morphs over long
epochs yet it does also preserve a core
remnant of the original thought process
clearly this works or we wouldn't see
serpent mythology on a global scale or
knowledge of a mysterious group known in
antiquity as The Shining ones touch
every corner of the planet
eventually patriarchy took control of
the planet literally most certainly from
the time of the Romans onwards knowledge
of the shining ones and their wisdom was
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effectively cleansed the church tried to
erase everything they could from history
at least from public view the Book of
Enoch contains valuable information on
the shining ones the major reason why it
was excluded from the Bible it's a fact
that the church denied the world any
knowledge of the works true content for
over a thousand years as we've already
seen the majority of biblical source
material comes from Mesopotamia the
Gilgamesh flood epic Abraham's ziggurat
of war Armenia the land of Noah the
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Garden of Eden serpents forbidden
knowledge to name a popular few when the
last great Mesopotamia culture died out
with Alexander the Great conquering
Persia so did a lineage of knowledge
enter the greco-roman period
civilization The Shining ones
Mesopotamian regional name was a nuna
today they are more popularly known as
the Anunnaki although there are many
other variations this group of deities
appears in the mythological traditions
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of the ancient Sumerians Acadians
Assyrians and Babylonians descriptions
of how many Anunnaki there were and what
role they fulfilled our inconsistent and
often contradictory in the earliest
Sumerian writings discussing the Annina
comes from the post Akkadian period via
nuna are the most powerful deities in
the pantheon descendants of Anu the god
of the heavens and their primary
function is popularly accepted as
decreeing the fates of humanity
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I knew in Akkadian or on in Sumerian
literally mean sky heaven it's the
divine personification of the sky
supreme god and ancestor of all the
deities in ancient Mesopotamian religion
on who was believed to be the supreme
source of all authority for the other
gods and for all mortal rulers and he's
described in one text as the one who
contains the entire universe he is
identified with the North ecliptic pole
centered in Draco and along with his
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sons and Lille and Enki constitutes the
highest divine triad personifying the
three bands of constellations of the
vault of the sky by the time of the
earliest written records on who was
rarely worshiped and the veneration was
instead devoted to his son and Leo but
throughout Mesopotamian history the
highest deity in the pantheon was always
said to possess the Anu - meaning a new
power on whose primary role in myths is
as the ancestor of the Anunnaki the
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major deities of Sumerian religion his
primary cult center was the a onna
temple in the city of Uruk but by the
Akkadian period his authority in a roué
had largely been ceded to the goddess
Anana the Queen of Heaven I news consort
in the earliest Sumerian text is the
goddess Horus but she's later the
goddess ki and in Akkadian Tech's vegan
is an - whose name is the feminine form
of a new Han who briefly appears in the
Akkadian epic of gilgamesh in which his
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daughter Ishtar the east semitic
equivalent to annona persuades him to
give her the bowl of heaven so that she
may send it to attack Gilgamesh the
incident results in the death of Enkidu
who becomes the driving force for the
remaining portion of the epic in another
legend on who summons the immortal hero
adop above for him for breaking the wing
of the south wind on who orders adop o
to be given the food of water and
immortality which Adama having been
warned beforehand by Enki that on who
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would offer him the food and water of
death
an ancient Hittite religion on who is a
former ruler of the gods who was
overthrown by his son kumar be tesha
overthrew kumar be avenged on his
mutilation and became the new king of
the gods in the Sumerian epic in Anna's
descent into the netherworld
the Anunnaki Shining ones are portrayed
as seven judges who sit before the
throne of a rush giggle in the
underworld later Akkadian texts such as
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the Epic of Gilgamesh follow this
portrayal during the old babylonian
period the Anunnaki were believed to be
the cathodic deities of the underworld
while the gods of the heavens were known
as the egg egee the ancient Hittites
identified the Anunnaki as the oldest
generation of gods who had been
overthrown and banished to the
underworld by the younger gods the name
Anunnaki is derived from on the Sumerian
god of the sky the name is variously
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written don una don una ka da noon na
meaning princely offspring or offspring
of Anu the Anunnaki were believed to be
the offspring of on and his consort the
earth goddess ki Assyria lodgest Samuel
Noah Kramer identifies key with the
Sumerian mother goddess nin herzog
stating that they were originally the
same figure the oldest of the Anunnaki
was and Leo the god of air and chief god
of the Sumerian Pantheon these Sumerians
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believed that until and Leo was born
heaven and earth were inseparable then
and Leo cleaved heaven and earth and Chu
and carried away the earth will his
father Anu carried away the sky the
Anunnaki are chiefly mentioned in
literary texts and very little evidence
to support the existence of any cult of
them has yet been on earth this is
likely because each member of the
Anunnaki had his or her individual cult
separate from the others similarly no
representations of the Anunnaki as a
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group have yet been discovered although
a few depictions of its individual
members have been identified deities in
Mesopotamia were almost exclusively
anthro morphic
they were thought to possess
extraordinary powers and were often
envisioned as being of tremendous
physical size the deities typically wore
Melhem an ambiguous substance which
covered them in terrifying splendor
Malham could also be worn by heroes
kings giants and even demons the effect
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that seeing a deities malum has on a
human is described as nee a word for the
physical tingling of the flesh deities
were almost always depicted wearing
horned caps
consisting of up to seven superimposed
pairs of ox horns they were also
sometimes depicted wearing clothes with
elaborate decorative gold and silver
ornaments sewn into them the ancient
Mesopotamians believed that their
deities lived in heaven but that a gods
statue was a physical embodiment of the
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God himself as such cult statues were
given constant care and attention and a
set of priests were assigned to tend to
them these priests would clothe the
statues and place feast before them so
they could eat a deities temple was
believed to be that deities literal
place of residence the gods had boats
full-sized barges which were normally
stored inside their temple and were used
to transport their cult statues along
waterways during various religious
festivals the gods also had chariots
which were used for transporting their
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cult statues by land sometimes a deity
statue would be transported to the
location of a battle so that the deity
could watch the battle unfold the major
deities of Mesopotamian Pantheon which
include the Anunnaki were believed to
participate in the Assembly of the Gods
through which gods made all their
decisions this assembly was a divine
counterpart to the semi Democratic
legislative system that existed during
the third dynasty of or circa 21 12 BC
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to 2004 BC the earliest known usage 'iz
of the term Anunnaki come from the
inscriptions written during the reign of
Judea
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or
in the earliest text the term is applied
to the most powerful and important
deities in the Sumerian Pantheon the
descendants of the sky God on this group
of deities probably includes the seven
gods who decree on and Leo Enki neener
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shag Nana boo too and in Ana although
certain deities are described as members
of the Anunnaki no complete list of the
names of all the Anunnaki has survived
and they're usually only referred to as
a cohesive group in literary texts
furthermore Sumerian texts describe the
Anunnaki inconsistently and do not agree
on how many Anunnaki there were or what
their divine function was originally the
Anunnaki appear to have been heavenly
deities with immense powers in the poem
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and key in the world order the Anunnaki
do homage to n ki sing hymns of praise
and his honor and take up their
dwellings among the people of Sumer the
same composition repeatedly states that
the Anunnaki decree the fates of mankind
time and fate deities are
personifications of time often in the
sense of human lifetime and human fate
in polytheistic religions in monotheism
time can be personified as in father
time in European folklore or in Persian
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Zoroastrian tradition virtually every
major D in the Sumerian pantheon was
regarded as the patron of a specific
city and was expected to protect that
city's interest the deity was believed
to permanently reside within the city's
temple one text mentions as many as 50
Anunnaki associated with the city of
Erie do an anonymous descent into the
netherworld there are only seven
Anunnaki who reside within the
underworld and serve as judges
Anana stands trial before them for her
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attempt to take over the underworld they
deem her guilty of hubris and condemned
her to death
major deities and Sumerian mythology
were associated with specific celestial
bodies in Anna was believed to be the
planet Venus Mbutu was believed to be
the Sun Nana was the moon on was
identified with all the stars in the
equatorial sky
and Lille with those of the northern sky
and Enki with those in the southern sky
the path of an Lille celestial orbit was
a continuous symmetrical circle around
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the North celestial pole but those of on
and Enki were believed to intersect at
various points Akkadian tax of the
second millennium BC follows similar
portrayals of the Anunnaki from and on
his descent into the netherworld
depicting them as tonic underworld
deities in an abbreviated Akkadian
version of in Ana's descent written in
the early second millennium a rush
giggle the queen of the underworld
comments that she drinks water with the
Anunnaki later in the same poem
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Ereshkigal offers her servant namtar to
fetch the Anunnaki from al-ghani 'no to
decorate the threshold steps with coral
and to seat them on golden Thrones in
Mesopotamian mythology a rush Gaga
literally means queen of the great earth
was the goddess of core the land of the
dead or underworld in Sumerian mythology
in later East Semitic myths she was said
to rule here kala alongside her husband
Nergal sometimes her name is given as
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ear kala like the way the name hades was
given in greek mythology for both the
underworld and its ruler and sometimes
it's given as nin kegel literally great
lady of the earth or lady of the great
earth in Sumerian texts a rush Gaga was
the only one who could pass judgment and
give laws in her kingdom
the main temple dedicated to her was in
Kufa in the ancient Sumerian poem and on
his descent to the underworld a rush
cagoule is described as anon as older
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sister the two main myths involving a
rush giggle are the story of an Ana's
descent into the underworld and the
story of a rush giggles marriage to the
god Nergal
in ancient Sumerian mythology a rush
goggle is the queen of the underworld
she's the older sister of the goddess
and Nana Nana and Ereshkigal represent
polar opposites Anana is the queen of
heaven but a rush goggle is the queen of
air kala Ereshkigal plays a very
prominent and significant role in two
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myths most notably and Ana's descent
into the underworld in the poem the
goddess and onna descends into the
underworld apparently seeking to extend
her powers there a rush Google is anon
his older sister when natty the
gatekeeper of the underworld informs a
rescue girl that annona is at the gates
of the underworld demanding to be let in
a rush Gaga responds by ordering Nettie
to bolt the seven gates of the
underworld and to open each gate
separately but only after Anana has
removed one article of clothing
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Anana proceeds through each gate
removing one article of clothing at each
gate finally once she's gone through all
seven gates she finds herself naked and
powerless standing before the throne of
a rush qug all these seven judges of the
underworld
jaja nana and declare her to be guilty
and Ana's minister ninja boy however
pleads with Enki and Anki agrees to
rescue an Anna from the underworld
Anke sends two sexless beings down to
the underworld to revive in Anna with
the blood and water of life these
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sexless beings escort and Anna up from
the underworld but a horde of angry
demons following on a backup from the
underworld demanding to take someone
else down to the underworld as an honest
replacement when Anana discovers that
her husband de Musa
has not mourned her death she becomes
ireful towards him and orders the demons
to take de musa as a replacement
the other myth is the story of Nergal
the plague God once the gods held a
banquet that Ereshkigal is queen of the
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underworld could not come up to attend
they invited her to send a messenger and
she sent her visi a nom tart in her
place he was treated well by all but for
the exception of being disrespected by
Nergal because of this Nergal was
banished to the kingdom controlled by
the goddess versions very at this point
but all of them result in him becoming
her husband in later tradition nogales
said to have been the victor taking her
his wife and ruling the land himself
it's theorized that the story of Inanna
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z' descent is told to illustrate the
possibility of an escape from the
underworld where the Nergal myth is
intended to reconcile the existence of
two rulers of the underworld a goddess
and a God the addition of Nergal
represents the harmonizing tendency to
unite arash giggle as the queen of the
underworld with the God who as god of
war and pestilence brings death to the
living and thus becomes the one who
presides over the dead in some versions
of the myths a rush gurgles the
underworld by herself but in other
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versions of the myth a reskin gal rules
alongside a husband subordinate to ER
named Google Anna in his book Sumerian
mythology a study of spiritual and
literacy achievement in the 3rd
millennium BC the renowned scholar of
ancient Sumer Samuel Noah Kramer writes
that according to the introductory
passage of the ancient Sumerian epic
poem Gilgamesh Enkidu in the underworld
a rush Gaga was forcibly abducted taken
down to the underworld by Corps and was
forced to become queen of the underworld
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against her will to avenge the abduction
of a rush Gaga Enki the god of water set
out in a boat to slay the core the core
defends itself by pelting Enki with
rocks of many sizes and by sending the
waves beneath Angie's boat to attack
Angie the poem never actually explains
who the ultimate victor of the battle is
but it's implied that Enki wins in
hittite mythology the Sun goddess of the
earth rules as an underworld deity
though the deities of likely
proto-indo-european origin this is an
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aspect thought to have been influenced
by
in later times the Greeks and Romans
appear to have syncretized Ereshkigal
with their own goddess Hecate in the
heading of a spell in the michigan
magical papyrus which has been dated to
the late 3rd or early 4th century AD
Hecate is referred to as Hecate a rush
canal and is invoked using magical words
and gestures to alleviate the caster's
fear of punishment in the afterlife
during the old babylonian period circa
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1830 bc to 1531 bc a new set of deities
known as the eggie are introduced the
relationship between Anunnaki and the
icky ghee is unclear on some occasions
the categories appear to be used
synonymously but in other writings such
as the poem of era there's a clear
distinction between the two in the late
Akkadian Atrahasis epoch via gr the 6th
generation of the gods who are forced to
perform labor for the Anunnaki after 40
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days the aguirre Bell and the god Enki
one of the Anunnaki creates humans to
replace them era sometimes called era is
an Akkadian plagued God known for an a
pose of eighth century BCE era is the
god of mayhem and pestilence who's
responsible for periods of political
confusion in that epoch that's given the
modern title era the writer Kapiolani
Marduk descendant he says of de bebé
presents himself in a Calif own
following the text is simply the
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transcriber of a visionary dream in
which era himself revealed the text the
poem opens with an invocation the god
era is sleeping fitfully with his
consort identified with memy demand not
with the other goddess mani but is
roused by his advisor Isum and the seven
sabeti or sabeti who are sons of heaven
and earth champions without peer is the
repeated formula and each are assigned a
destructive destiny by Anu the sabadie
callout era to lead the destruction of
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mankind Ison tries to mollify eras
weaken violence to no avail
foreign people invade Babylonia but are
struck down by plague even mardik the
patron of Babylon relinquishes his
throne
era for a time tablets 2 & 3 are
occupied with a debate between era and
Isum era goes to battle and babylon
sipar luke dork Oregon Zoo and dare the
world is turned upside down
righteous and unrighteous are killed
alike era orders Isum to complete the
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work by defeating babylons enemies then
the god withdraws to his own seat in m
islam with the terrifying 7 and mankind
is saved a proprietary prayer ends the
work the poem must have been central to
Babylonian culture at least 36 copies
have been recovered from 5 first
millennium sites a sewer Babylon Nineveh
Sultan Tapei and or more even than have
been recovered of the epic of gilgamesh
the text appears to some readers to be a
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mythologies ation of historic turmoil in
Mesopotamia those scholars disagree as
to the historic events that inspired the
poem the poet explains tablet for 3 you
changed out your divinity and made
yourself like a man the era text soon
assumes magical functions parts of the
text were inscribed on amulets employed
for exorcism and as prophylactic against
the plague the 7 are known from a range
of Akkadian incantation texts their
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demonic names vary but their number 7 is
invariable the five tablets containing
the era I pose were first published in
1956 with an improved text based on
additional finds appearing in 1969
perhaps 70% of the poem has been
recovered the consonants of the purely
mythic seven led by era echoes with the
Egyptian seven Against Thebes widely
assumed by Helenus to have had a
historical basis from the middle
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babylonian period circa
1592 to 1155 BC onward the name Anunnaki
was applied generally to the deities of
the underworld whereas the name eggy was
applied to the heavenly deities during
this period the underworld da's dom kina
mergal and Madonna
are listed as the most powerful among
the Annunaki alongside Mar Duke the
national god of ancient Babylon in the
standard Akkadian epic of gilgamesh
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circa 1200 BC who'd not wished him the
immortal survivor of the Great Flood
describes the Anunnaki as seven judges
of the underworld who set the land of
flame as the storm approaches later when
the flood comes Ishtar the east semitic
equivalent to annona and the Anunnaki
mourn over the destruction of humanity
in the Babylonian and numa Alice Marduk
assigns the Anunnaki their positions a
late Babylonian version of the epic
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mentions 609 Aki of the underworld but
only 300 Anunnaki of heaven indicating
the existence of a complex underworld
cosmology in gratitude the Anunnaki the
great gods built us a Gila a splendid
temple dedicated to Marduk EA and Enlil
in the 8th century BC poem of era the
Anunnaki are described as the brothers
of the god Nergal and are depicted as
antagonistic towards humanity a badly
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damaged text from the neo-assyrian
period 911 to 612 BC describes Marr do
cleaning his army of Anunnaki in the
sacred city of Nepal and causing a
disturbance the disturbance causes a
flood which forces the resident gods of
Nepal to take shelter in the assumed
Asia temple in Nenita and lille is
enraged at Marduk's transgression and
orders the gods of assume Asia to take
Marduk and the other Anunnaki as
prisoners the Anunnaki are captured but
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Marduk appoints his frontrunner mustache
ear hobbling to lead a revolt against
the gods of ashume Asia and send his
messenger near attack meal to alert Nabu
the god of literacy when the issue
Meisha gods here Nabu speak they come
out of their temple to search for him
Margo defeats the assumed Asia gods and
takes 360 of them as prisoners of war
including Enlil himself and Leo protests
that the estimation gods are innocent so
Marda puts them on trial before the
annunaki the text ends with a warning
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from Dom Kiana another name for dinner
sog to the gods and to humanity pleading
them not to repeat the war between the
Anunnaki and the gods of assume Asia
when we look at the ancient Hittite
examples Mesopotamian Anunnaki in the
mythologies of the hurry ins and the
Hittites which flourished in the mid to
late second millennium BC the oldest
generation of gods was believed to have
been banished by the younger gods to the
underworld where they were ruled by the
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goddess Lalwani Hittite scribes
identified these deities with the
Anunnaki in ancient hurryin the Anunnaki
are referred to as Cargill's Saiyans
which means former ancient gods or
Qataris Saiyans which means gods of the
earth hit site and hurry entreaties were
often sworn by the old gods to ensure
that the oaths would be kept in one myth
the gods are threatened by the stone
giant illy Kumi so EA the later name for
n key commands the former gods to find
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the weapon that was used to separate the
heavens from earth although the names of
the Anunnaki and
hurryin and hit site X frequently vary
they are always eight in number in one
hit site ritual the names of the old
gods are listed as a don't re the
diviner zukie the dream interprets air
Pizza Lord of the earth nara nam sara
minke a monkey and copy the old gods had
no identifiable cult in the hurry of
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hittite religion instead the Koreans and
Hittites sought to communicate with the
old gods through the ritual sacrifice of
a piglet in a pit dug in the ground the
old gods were often invoked to perform
ritual purifications the Hittite account
of the old gods banishment to the
underworld ultimately became the source
for the Greek poet Hesiod 's narrative
of the overthrow of the titans by the
Olympians in his Theogony the Greek sky
God Muranos whose name means heaven is
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the father of the Titans and is derived
from the Hittite version of
in Hesiod's account or enosis castrated
by his son Chronos just as Anu was
castrated by his son
Kumar be in the hittites story over time
because of the scientific knowledge
technological and spiritual wisdom and
often alleged extrasensory abilities
they came to be thought of as God's sons
and daughters of the gods by the less
developed people who lived peacefully
beside them
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these Shining ones were said repeatedly
to have civilized humankind perhaps
following a global catastrophe most
mainstream historians do not take
seriously either the existence of this
mysterious godlike culture or the global
catastrophe even though many individual
researchers have concluded otherwise
these shining ones also embraced a rebel
group known in legend as the fallen ones
fallen angels or watchers who are
recorded as having married and
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reproduced outside their own kind their
hybrid offspring being known as Nephilim
and described as Giants the story goes
that the catastrophe that nearly wiped
out humanity as a great deluge due to
the wrath of God or rather the wrath of
Elohim or Shining ones who somehow
initiated it to destroy the rebels and
their hybrid offspring
although fleeting references to the
shining ones can be found in the Old
Testament there's much more about them
in the Book of Enoch an ancient work
that was omitted from the Bible The
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Shining ones were held in such awe by
later generations that they were revered
as deities and linked with the heavens
they appear independently in many
mythologies of Europe notably Irish
Finnish Norse and Greek
over millennia The Shining ones or at
least knowledge of them turned into
Brotherhood's or priesthoods well-versed
in the propaganda skills needed to
maintain both religious and political
authority
many of the world's unexplained
mysteries in ancient cultures point to
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the shining ones not just mesopotamia
revolving around the core belief of
their advanced scientific and
metaphysical knowledge
I knew and the famed Mesopotamian sky
God whose given the Anunnaki pantheon
such notoriety in modern times has a
history that reads like a science
fiction movie many now believe the Greek
pantheon is just a rendition of the
older Mesopotamian Pantheon with a new
at the helm it wasn't until much later
30:09
that I knew was viewed as the father of
the gods and ruler of the heavens his
position as ruler of the heavens passed
to his firstborn and Leo with dire
consequences and it's where we get a lot
of history from I know is the son of an
char and quisha literally meaning heaven
and earth who in turn were the second
born of the primordial couple OPSEU and
Tiamat at the beginning of the world
scholars don't know what to make of the
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ruler of the heavens being a second born
it doesn't sound like an all Supreme
Being sounding more like a European
royal dynasty he was originally a
sumerian sky deity known as on which
translates as sky the Akkadians later
adopt him circa 2375 BC as a new heaven
the almighty all-powerful
Sargon the great of Akkad 23:34 through
2279 BCE speaks avenue and ananna
31:15
in his writings mostly as legitimizing
his rule or assisting in to the conquest
as so many people revered I knew you
cannot understand anything about the
Anunnaki or the Sumerian Pantheon
without understanding him and of course
his offspring I know is most often
represented in symbolism simply by a
crown or crown on a throne this
iconography symbolizes the status as
king of the gods an honor and
responsibility later conferred upon and
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lyl Marduk son of and he at Dion be god
of wisdom and a sewer of the Assyrians
all of which were profoundly elevated by
Anu and thus associated with him his
consort is Archer also known as for us
goddess of the earth and they produced
many offspring which are more commonly
known as the Anunnaki lesser known as
their offspring the two key which
permeate the entire Mesopotamian
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mythology the impact of the Anunnaki and
who to key is vast and complex affecting
most ancient religions and tying in with
so many ancient civilizations although I
knew is not featured prominently in many
myths he's often mentioned as a
background figure this is because as
veneration of the God progressed he
became more and more distant
I know the sky God was one of the many
younger gods born of OPSEU and t-mount
gradually becoming the Lord of the
heavens above he was the God who
32:49
maintained all aspects of existence
alongside and Leal and Enki uninformed a
trio which ruled the heavens birth and
underworld in one version or in another
heaven the sky in the earth
I know rarely makes an appearance as the
main character in mythology but when
he's mentioned it's always a significant
role the ANU ma elihss and Anu the sky
god the babylonian epic of creation more
33:20
famously known as an umma elihss circa
1100 BCE is the epoch regarding of birth
of the gods and the formation of the
world and subsequently human beings
initially there was only the swirling
waters of chaos which divided into a
male principal OPSEU symbolized by fresh
water and a female principal Tiamat salt
water these two deities gave birth to
lamu and l'homme known as protective
deities and anshar and kishar
33:52
who sired the younger guns I know
belongs to this younger group and it's
in this epoch we get his backstory or
place in origins of it all this group is
problematic and as little to jus and so
amused themselves in various ways which
come to anger OPSEU he cannot sleep at
night for the noise and they distract
him during the day he eventually decides
after conferring with his Vizier that he
must destroy them although the epoch of
creation focuses Tiamat and creation we
34:25
get an amazing backdrop to a news place
in the world
tomate overhears her husband's
deliberation and warns her grandson Enki
of the peril after pondering all his
options carefully
Anke puts OPSEU into a deep sleep and
slays him
Tiamat is shocked and disowns all the
younger gods she quickly assembles an
army of monsters to eliminate them the
Chu armies thus clash and the younger
gods are defeated and retreat again and
34:55
again at this difficult position a new
tries diplomacy with Tia Motte and tries
to resolve the problem
the younger gods seem to have every
faith and a news ability but when a new
face is tioman he falls apart and
returns to the others to report his
failure in the mission a news diplomatic
failure nonetheless contributes to the
younger God's ultimate victory the gods
were so confident of a new success and
when their hope was disappointed they
come to realise they must change their
habits the old paradigm must go and they
35:28
must accept change or find a new way of
attaining their goal
Marduk the son of Anki comes forward to
offer himself as their Savior only if
they will elect him their king
Marduk defeats the champion of Tiamat
and slays her but he would not have
risen to the challenge if my new had not
failed in his diplomacy I knew then uh
sure xin the new era which allows for
the ultimate victory of the gods once
piece has been reestablished maar Duke
and his father said about the business
of creation and the world and
36:00
subsequently human beings are
established the Inoue elihss is
sometimes called these seven tablets of
creation the many versions always
describe the creation of human beings
from a Mesopotamian perspective the
story was found on multiple tablets that
dated back to approximately 1100 BCE
although indications show that the
stories themselves existed much earlier
than that
archeologists discovered them at the
Nineveh libraries although the creation
myth follows the same basic path no
36:31
matter which part of Mesopotamia comes
from the names of the gods and other
players differ whether the precise
recording was from Babylon or Sumer the
copies discovered and well researched
come from Babylon which makes Mar Duke
who was considered the patron god of
that civilization one of the important
characters in the story if a Sumerian
copy was found for example he may not
have been mentioned quite as much
leonova lish is the best depiction we
have of the dynamic interactions of the
37:03
Enki verses and Lil Saga it tells the
story of how egg Ian and Leo the Divine
Brothers who first decided to create
humankind as a labor force or serving
class it also deals with how the gods
came to be the creation of the universe
and the world and every other detail
that any classic creation myth would
include the creation of everything this
Babylonian creation myth is often
considered the oldest story that exists
in the entire world it tells a tale of
37:35
creation
that's echoed through the millennia even
religions still practice in this current
time in the beginning there was nothing
but a fast swirl of water flowing
through chaotic nothingness the first
thing that happened was that salt water
characterized by Tiamat the dragon
goddess and fresh water characterized by
the God OPSEU divided as soon as they
split apart they came back together
again to become the parents of
additional gods
OPSEU apparently enjoyed sleeping
38:05
peacefully and found that younger gods
were too noisy and boisterous decided to
eliminate them all
Tiamat warns Enki their eldest son who
lulls his father to sleep and eliminates
him instead
Tiamat who did not expect this type of
outcome gets very angry with the younger
gods and begins a battle against them
she hands over the tablets of destiny to
her top advisor kingu who champions her
in battle
she also creates monsters to attack her
sons and other rebellious gods finally
38:36
Marduk's shows up bargains for ultimate
power if he stops King goo and Tiamat
and ends up defeating both the story
goes that he shot the dragon goddess
with an arrow and when she cried out in
pain her tears form the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers her body becomes the
earth and heaven surrounding it
when the conflict is over Marduk
enslaves the eleven monsters directs
various younger gods to take care of
certain responsibilities and seizes the
tablets of destiny for himself as a
39:06
final act of payback Marduk and the High
God
eeeya Enki decide to create humankind
from King goos body and clay of the
earth parallels with judeo-christian
stories as may seem oddly as the
creation myth influenced the
judeo-christian one to some degree
Hebrew scribes used the concept of a
void without form and a God that created
the earth waters heavens and finally
humankind in turn when Mesopotamian
39:37
archaeology increased in the nineteenth
century historians quickly discovered
that the book of Genesis was not the
oldest creation story in existence other
biblical stories such as Noah and the
flood and the fall of man existed in
Mesopotamian times - they first appeared
in Sumer were translated into ancient
Babylonian transferred to the Assyrians
and finally fell into the hands of
Hebrews the passage of folklore through
time and across locations has long been
common events throughout history of
40:08
course many differences exist between
the story of a dragon queen and
a lot of a concord god and the tales
told of the monolithic god in the bible
i knowa elihss describes many different
aspects of the creation tale that did
not make their way into the story shared
by the Hebrews they edited heavily they
focused on just one all-powerful God
that created everything out of a chaotic
universe this parallels Marduk most of
all especially when it comes to the
40:38
expectations of humankind to worship and
thank the gods for their gift of life
the priesthood of Marduk in the
mid-1700s BCE the people of Babylon
turned to Marduk more and more as their
reference for worship and religious
practices
prior to this they'd focused on the
goddess Anana this heralded in a time of
gods replacing goddesses as some of the
most prominent deities of the time as
Babylon got stronger
they believed that aligning themselves
41:09
with the most powerful God would help
their future the priesthood of Marduk
expanded as political and economic power
grew in Babylon as times change so two
stories eventually the creation myth
began to push the idea that Marduk was
the only King and any of the other name
deities existed only as parts of him to
celebrate the new year and mardukan
general many people would read from the
innumerous sing songs of praise and
glorify statue of this God and enshrine
41:41
him in a special small house or temple
among the first humans created are those
skilled and wisdom and one of the very
adept is Adama the myth of Adama and the
meeting with Anu the myth of Adama 14th
century BCE tells the amazing story of
the first man a creation of eggie he was
bestowed with eggies wisdom although
Enki adores his creation he admits that
he cannot give him everything otherwise
he would be a god and so he holds back
42:13
on immortality
Adamo has wisdom mezes main trait but
with this wisdom he understands he will
die one day and nothing he can do can
change that content with what he has and
his priestly duties at irre do in
pinky's temple he hunts and fishes and
amuses himself this is the backdrop to
what has become known as the myth of
Adama which many have now recognized is
the exact same theoretically as the Adam
and Eve scenario the adopted story is so
42:45
central to Mesopotamian mythology and
the religion its
oldest copy was mysteriously found as
far as a can athon city of Amarna in
egypt the myth of Adama and the food of
life alongside all the other ancient
stories of gods goddesses and humans
comes the myth of Adama which tells of
the fall of man and their existence as
mortal beings the first human ever
created by iya was named Adama this god
43:16
of wisdom shares his gift with the man
which makes him intelligent and mentally
sharp
another major God Anu offers the gift of
immortality but iam manipulate siddhappa
to decline this story from long before
the judeo-christian Bible was created
has some direct influence on the story
of Adam and Eve
they lost their place in the Garden of
Eden because they ate the fruit of the
tree of knowledge
Adama also received wisdom although as a
gift instead of a discretion was refused
43:48
immortality just as Adam and Eve were
forced to abandon their perfect home and
continue their lives as mortal humans
the problem with both Adam and Eve and
the myth madaba was the assumed
competition between the humans and the
gods
Yahweh did not want his creations to be
equal to him eeeh
özil did not appreciate the idea that
Addabbo would have all the benefits of
godhood - this myth is a story about
keeping mortals in their place and
maintaining control of power the main
44:20
character in this story is a king named
Adama who comes from a reduced City on a
fishing trip a strong gust blew up and
knocked him overboard into the ocean
enraged at losing his boat and getting
all wet he battled against the south
wind and broke its wing the wind which
needed to recuperate for seven full days
was not able to create any air movement
during that time I knew the god of the
sky got quite angry and demanded that
adopted give him an explanation before
44:51
appearing in front of a new iya tells
the man what to say and gave some tips
on proper behavior when visiting the
God's domain iya leads adop astray with
bad information however because he
doesn't want to risk the King getting
ahold of the food of life that would
grant him immortality iya suspects that
a new will offer these things to the man
and he can't let that happen the
instructions he gives to the mortal
visitor are all wrong the first bit of
information refers to a pair of
45:20
guardians named Gaeta and Tammuz he is
suggests that they are more likely to
let him pass if he offers them
compliments and says he knows them well
then he should meet with Anu and refuse
food and drink because as eita falsely
reveals it would seriously harm him
instantly this High God convinces adopem
that the sky God is quite angry about
the wind and will punish him quite
severely
eeeh does suggest that any clothing or
oil given to him would be perfectly okay
45:51
to accept this way he will not offend
the sky got again the whole group of
instructions was nothing but lies and
misdirections however a gompa follows
all of his directions refuses the gift
of immortality that he would have gotten
from the food of life and returns to
earth to live out the rest of his days
unfortunately the last tablet that tells
the story has been broken over the
centuries and makes it difficult to
understand the ending this leaves the
myth of a tapa opened to some
46:21
interpretation while many researchers
agree that iya wanted to trick the King
into not accepting the immortality
others say that ia's caution was quite
sincere he may have genuinely believed
that I knew would punish the man for
breaking the winds wing logically it
makes sense that someone who attacked
the wind would not receive gifts from
the sky God the more serious possibility
does not seem to align with a news
request that adapt a come for a visit
and offer an explanation the story does
not seem particularly volatile or
46:53
violent in any way when taken with the
understanding of the prideful God and
the folklore that trickled down to
civilizations after Mesopotamia the
original description seems to make more
sense
özil story includes the line why is e a'
revealed to impure mankind the heart of
heaven and earth that demonstrates a
news willingness to award Adama and
wonderment about why he would act
against it the puzzlement he
demonstrates when the King refuses the
gift does not seem to align with any
47:25
nefarious plans or revenge opportunities
the myth of Adama and the food of life
originated in Babylon during the years
when the kassite tribe controlled the
area this was in the 1400s BCE various
iterations of this general story passed
down through the years and traveled
around the area of the Persian Gulf for
example a writer named Berossus shared a
similar tale around 300 BCE about a
demigod named Hannes who lived as a
half-man
47:55
half-fish some parts of the story are
quite similar to the much older Adama
tale especially in the fact that the
main character was quite wise and shared
his wisdom with surrounding people it
seems that the gods and goddesses and
many cultural and religious histories
created humankind as compatriots and
mere equals however when push came to
shove the deities grew fearful or
arrogant enough to deny the people
godlike immortality
Anke understands that human beings
cannot be like the gods because that
48:28
would upset the natural order and Apple
must remain mortal must stay in his
place for creation and function as it
should be in another story the atrocity
are about to see is established that
humans are created with limited
lifespans by the will of the gods in
offering immortality to adopt a new is
upsetting the natural order but he makes
the offer because of his compassion he
feels it's a disservice to adopt to have
them wise enough to recognize his
48:58
mortality but unable to do anything to
escape death this compassion and
understanding are characteristic of Anu
as he was seen in Anu malysh where he
tries to bring peace through diplomatic
negotiation instead of continued war
Beatrice Depok a tale of the Great Flood
in a story that predates the
judeo-christian Testaments the
Babylonian civilization shared a
dramatic tale of a massive flood
delivered by the gods with the intention
to kill all humans and other life on
49:33
Earth the later biblical tale of Noah
and the Ark follows the plot quite
specifically
in the story of atrocity that name
received a warning from the gods to
build a gigantic boat for himself his
family and animals that lived on the
land following the gods directions this
man toiled to construct the vessel
gathered together the people and animals
as requested and climbed aboard to
weather the massive storm these so
called
atrocity Bick was found to come from
50:02
around 1645 to 16 26 BCE during these
years
King Hammurabi's great-grandson ruled in
Babylon his name was a Mesa dukkha even
at that time the story was well known
and considered a legend of the day prior
to these dates all legends and tales
would have been spoken and not written
down there's considerable evidence that
this Babylonian flood story had made the
rounds for quite some time before it was
ever recorded Sumeria had its own
version of the flood story it was called
50:37
era due Genesis and hailed from a time
even before at rasa's lived the first
recorded instance of this was in the
early years of the 17th century BCE
if you travel back even further in time
you find a report of a massive flood
somewhere around 2100 to 1500 BCE in one
of the earliest stories ever recorded
the Epic of Gilgamesh the fact that this
flood story touched so many different
cultures over hundreds of years seems to
indicate that the event actually
51:08
happened in fact the chance of a
worldwide flood so terrifying that it
destroyed life on earth as we know it is
so slim as to be unbelievable however
the Mesopotamian Sumerian and Babylonian
civilizations all existed in and around
the Fertile Crescent this part of the
ancient world was neatly tucked between
the Tigris and Euphrates River there's
no doubt that if both of these flooded
it would seem like a worldwide disaster
to the people of the time
in truth flooded rivers are not all that
51:39
odd there's archaeological evidence that
clearly indicates the people living in
that region had to deal with floods on a
relatively regular basis
these natural disasters may have
continued to fuel the story of the Great
Flood through the generations whatever
someone suggests that the floods were
actually more widespread especially in
conjunction with the biblical Noah's
Flood geologists and other scientists
are quick to step up and mention that
there's no genuine evidence of flooding
that spread far beyond the Mesopotamian
52:09
valley the stories themselves follow the
same basic structure it all started with
the gods creating humankind help them do
the work of keeping the earth running as
necessary in these ancient cultures
different tiers of God's existed the
older ones were generally more powerful
and could make the younger weaker ones
do tasks for them when the young gods
got fed up with all that heavy toil a
view of the older deities got together
and created 14 people equally split
between male and female unlike the
52:39
latter judeo-christian stories in which
God created just one man and one woman
it seemed the Mesopotamians thought it
more appropriate to start off with a
larger community of helpers for the gods
finally the gods could relax and leave
all the heavy lifting to the people who
lived on the ground
unfortunately that people procreated too
quickly and ended up being noisy and
annoying this led the top God and leal
to attempt to reduce their numbers first
with a drought famine and pestilence and
finally a massive flood one of the chief
53:12
architects of humanity a god named Enki
took pity on the wise one at rasa's and
tipped him off of the impending doom the
details about how atrocity Noah survived
on the ark for so long with all those
animals on board are dim and fast
most of these morality tales involve
more pointed meeting than explanations
intricate descriptions of the storms and
the reactions of the gods and goddesses
filled the time between the first rain
drop and the final delivery
53:43
of the saved humans and animals many of
the gods and goddesses considered the
flood to be a bad idea and mourn the
loss of their human creations and Lila
is both angry at a giver saving at
rasa's and sorrowful that everyone else
died after quite a bit of discussion the
deities agreed that they'll just make
people who cannot create offspring quite
so fast infertile women dedicated
virgins and demons who will steal babies
the legendary descriptions of these
final got the decisions undoubtedly
54:15
explained away some of the natural
phenomenon associated with low infant
mortality and infertility in general in
those early days most suffering ended up
with more profound meaning than simple
biology the epic of a trois s and all
the subsequent flood stories were
created for the same reason that many
ancient tales came to be first it
offered an explanation for some of the
natural phenomenon and human problems
that the people in those long ago
civilizations dealt with a second a
54:45
moral warning for people to behave in a
manner their gods and goddesses desired
for them finally they promoted faith and
understanding in the face of difficult
times perhaps these reasons are why the
epic tale of a massive flood sent by the
gods has reverberated throughout history
from the earliest days of civilization
onward
I knew the highest God of all gods
I knew his benevolence infused the other
gods as he himself withdrew higher and
55:17
higher into the heavens he was finally
seen as the master creator behind all
the workings of the universe but
distanced from both humanity and the
other gods the only deity who had access
to Anu was his son and Leo who gradually
took on his father's characteristics and
power
even after and Leo became more popular
however I knew continued to be venerated
throughout the country
in the city of a roof where anana was
the patron deity Anu was honored by a
large temple which continued in
55:49
operation from circa 2000 BCE to circa
150 BCE and served as an astronomical
observation in library ahem - I knew
from early in this period illustrates
the high regard he was accorded the hymn
reads in part o Prince of the gods whose
utterance rule authority of the gods
Lord of the Horned crown which is
marvelously splendid thou travela stay
there and liver on the raging storm thou
56:20
standest in the royal company to be
admired as a king anti word of the gods
cast themselves on the ground in a body
like a reed on the stream they command
blows like the wind and causes food and
drink to thrive at the word the angry
gods turned back to their habitations
may all the gods of heaven and earth
appear before thee with gifts and
offerings may the kings of the countries
bring to the heavy tribute may men stand
before the daily with sacrifices prayers
56:52
and iterations to aruch thy city
do thou show abundant favour oh great
God Anu avenge thy City and hostile
lands even though he was eventually
prayed to less and less directly he was
still considered the power behind the
power of the gods offerings continued to
be brought to his temple at a ruk long
after he was no longer associated
closely with the daily lives of the
people scholar Stephen Bertman writes
57:22
Anu was the agust and revered chairman
of the board of the Mesopotamian
Pantheon his name literally meant heaven
he was the supreme source of authority
among the gods and among men upon whom
he conferred kingship as heavens grant
patriarch he dispensed justice and
controlled the laws known as the mat
that governed the universe
when the Assyrian Empire fell in 612 BCE
many of the Mesopotamian gods associated
57:53
with their rule were abandoned the
Assyrians had taken characteristics of
many different gods for their own the
best example of this is their great God
a sewer ashore and those who felt they'd
suffered under Assyrian rule vent their
frustration and vengeance on a Syrian
cities temples and the statues of the
gods some gods continue to be
acknowledged however and I knew was
among these worship of a new continued
into the Hellenistic period of
Mesopotamian history and throughout his
58:25
association with Marduk on up Jews circa
141 BCE when the Parthian z' controlled
the region as the father of the gods
I knew holds a key role in the mythology
and its effects on literature and
beliefs that followed records of a new
date back to at least 3,000 BC making
him one of the oldest of the gods Anu
came to be regarded as the father and
king of the gods
Anu is so prominently associated with
the city of Erik in southern Babylonia
that there are good reasons for
58:57
believing this place to have been the
original seat of the Anu cult if this be
correct then the goddess Nana or Ishtar
of Erik was presumably regarded as his
consort the purely theoretical character
of Ainu is thus still further emphasized
and in the annals and votive
inscriptions as well as the incantations
and hymns he's rarely introduced as an
active force to him a personal appeal
can be made his name becomes little more
than a synonym for the heavens in
59:27
general and even his title as king or
father of the Gods has lost a little of
the personal element in it
[Music]
[Music]
to the ancient Sumerians Babylonians and
01:00:24
Assyrians the Anunnaki were part of a
pantheon of gods and goddesses who ruled
over the day-to-day lives of humans down
on earth while the different
civilizations claimed and worshipped
various numbers and kinds of deities the
Anunnaki were generally considered the
most powerful intriguing and mysterious
in their own right modern researchers
have uncovered some unusual
characteristics and claims about the
Anunnaki most authors have focused on
these ancient deities as
extraterrestrial beings who came down
01:00:55
mated with or created modern humans and
designed most of the great wonders of
the world including the Egyptian
pyramids with advanced technology while
some dismiss their ideas and
translations some very intriguing
evidence still exists in the records and
artifacts of various places on earth on
the rock carvings of ancient Sumeria
Egypt South America and Turkey
mysterious similarities emerge one such
pattern is the use of small satchels by
01:01:26
many of the main gods and goddesses from
those civilizations these days people
use small satchels for both fashion and
function but what were the gods using
them for and why did deities worshipped
in places far apart in both position and
time use them too
the earliest depiction of these satchels
of the gods
appeared in Mesopotamia generally
considered the birthplace of
civilization intricate carvings of their
deities showed a bearded humanoid with
vast wings an elaborate headdress long
01:01:57
robe satchel and even a wristwatch
travel halfway around the globe to find
evidence from the Aztec and Maya
civilizations in ancient South America
here archaeologists have found
depictions of their gods as humanoid
with beards and headdresses and also
carrying the exact same small bag other
gods with bags locations include Tula
from the Toltec empire gobekli tepe and
Turkey and even Egypt the Anunnaki
01:02:28
explanation the striking similarities
between cultures logically point to some
connection or common influence with the
ancient tales of the Anunnaki the
explanation becomes clearer these
Sumerian gods were said to not only
control and guide human civilization but
also to bestow on them great gifts of
knowledge and technology with them
people were able to build massive
pyramids and temples all over the world
the Egyptians Mayans and other
civilizations whose gods and goddesses
01:03:00
looked nearly the same and carried the
same bags would know nothing of Sumerian
deities unless they were something more
the evidence for alien Anunnaki coming
to earth in various locations increases
as historians and archaeologists uncover
more information did extraterrestrial
beings come down from some mysterious
planet out there in the universe with
the express purpose to develop our world
and guide the people in it many guesses
01:03:31
about the contents of these mysterious
bags exist some mundane ideas include
water seeds or that the carvings
depicted deities receiving offerings
from worshippers other explanations
include the bags being tool boxes with
high-tech gadgets battery packs to power
them breathing apparatus so the aliens
can survive more comfortably and simply
magic although no researchers can find
evidence that clearly states what's
inside these handbags that show up all
01:04:01
over the ancient world one thing is
certain something about them was
extremely important if it was regularly
carried by the gods
in the end the similarities between the
stone carvings and reliefs found across
multiple civilizations all over the
world are striking due to the curiosity
they arouse nothing was ever inscribed
on a table or scroll that indicated what
the gods handbags really were but their
presence indicates one logical
conclusion these diverse and faraway
01:04:31
civilizations were visited by these same
humanoid creatures carrying important
items whom they claimed as deities and
worshiped the 22,000 tablets of Nineveh
if carvings and images do not provide
enough proof of the mysterious beings
and their contributions to ancient
civilizations around the world
the earliest known library may help from
the kingdom of Nineveh which existed
somewhere in what is now modern Iraq
comes a vast collection of over 20,000
01:05:03
clay tablets inscribed with information
and stories from that ancient land found
in 1850 by a British archaeological
expedition led by Austen Henry Layard
and Sir Stratford caning the clay
tablets are now held in the British
Museum over the years many historians
have worked to decipher the tiny writing
that fills the slabs from top to bottom
where did these tablets come from
Nineveh was part of Assyria that existed
from 6000 BC until the 1500s C II this
01:05:36
successful city had many rulers and
belief systems throughout the centuries
a king named Ashurbanipal in the mid
600's BCE created a vast library with
these clay tablets at its centre there's
no question that ancient Nineveh and the
Assyrian civilization at large was one
of the finest and most advanced in those
years it fought wars traded built
magnificent palaces temples and other
buildings including the library that
held these clay tablets what do the
01:06:07
tablets say the ruler Ashurbanipal left
nothing out when collecting his vast
library not only did he oversee the
composition of every piece of cuneiform
text on the tablets but he also
collected various artifacts
his goal was apparently to record the
history of humankind from the earliest
days to his present time researchers
pieced together the ancient Sumerian
language largely from these tablets much
as others use the rosetta stone for
Egyptian and Akkadian languages some of
01:06:39
the Ashurbanipal tablets were written in
Akkadian which made the translations
easier among records of historical
events scientific ideas of the time and
fictional legends and stories the clay
writings also spoke of the deities
worshipped in the area the revelations
of unusually advanced building mining
agriculture and other studies are
answered by the stories of the Anunnaki
that have also been found the AI
01:07:08
nanaki's hand in Assyria a special
selection of seven tablets from the vast
library was called the seven tablets of
creation this together with a list of
ancient Sumerian Kings who supposedly
ruled for hundreds of thousands of years
clearly speak of non-human beings with
special lives and powers the Anunnaki
gods ruled until the biblical flood
which was also described in the tablets
historical tales collected here includes
Sumerian associations with the gods and
01:07:40
goddesses who either helped to build or
completely built the modern cities for
the people and taught them advanced ways
to prosper translations by a Sumerian
scholar reveal a lot of information
about these ancient aliens who traveled
through space from their home planet to
land on earth and prepare it for humans
in Nana as Statue of Liberty
unique carvings ancient clay tablets and
the studies of various researchers have
shown considerable similarities between
01:08:12
origin and expansion stories of
different civilizations around the world
Europe and North America do not escape
the ancient Sumerian and Anunnaki
influences one of the most iconic
symbols of the United States of America
is the massive Statue of Liberty that
now graces New York Harbor it was
originally designed by Frederic
Bartholdi a sculptor from France the
idea came from the Civil War era
edouard laboulaye a freemason who wanted
to create a statue of that group's
01:08:43
favorite goddess Lady Liberty's earlier
inspirations libertas the Roman goddess
of personal freedom is often depicted
robed in a toga similar to one Lady
Liberty wears sometimes she was shown
naked as her other role in Rome was as
mother to harlots women freed from
prison often found themselves doing all
sorts to survive
thus for them freedom equaled service of
another kind Libertas holds aloft a
01:09:14
torch guiding people to their own ideals
of freedom but the Romans did not invent
this concept nor the deity herself as
with many religious ideals and images
throughout history Libertas was borrowed
from a more ancient belief system who
the goddess was through time the Roman
Libertas is a recreation of the
Babylonian goddess Ishtar the Greeks
also worshipped this goddess but the
writings of Cicero reveals that she was
01:09:45
borrowed from earlier Middle Eastern
civilizations in Greece she became
Aphrodite in Samaria the oldest
civilization with records of this
goddess she was called an Nana which
meant queen of heaven and she was said
to have flown among the stars
how the Statue of Liberty connects to
ancient Babylon Ishtar or Anana the
combination of la ballets Freemasonry
and the influence of ancient
civilizations through time helped form
01:10:16
the structure of what Lady Liberty looks
like for example these seven spikes on
her crown were said to spread
enlightenment over these seven
continents of the earth the tablets at
her feet represent law in a loose sense
Emma Lazarus is poem hatched into the
statues base calls it the mother of X
Isles which is very close to the Roman
designation of Libertas as being the
goddess of immigrants these similarities
cannot come about by mere chance the
physical appearance historical
01:10:48
comparison to other cultures goddesses
and the source of her design and
building all combined to create a strong
association between the Statue of
Liberty and ananna or Ishtar the
Babylonian goddess of personal freedom
the Anunnaki in the tree of creation
ancient sumerian gods and goddesses
played a role in the formation of modern
religious beliefs - in the christian
bible and various Gnostic texts the
origin story of Adam and Eve and the
01:11:18
tree of creation or the tree of
knowledge of good and evil is repeated
with various changes tales from Sumer of
long ago describe how the original God
Enki was actually the one who launched
humanity by impregnating Eve as the
cultures borrow from ones in the past
the people who penned Genesis were
probably influenced by Sumerian epic of
creation that came before it makes sense
since this was around 600 BCE when many
01:11:48
Hebrews were enslaved in Sumeria or
Babylon each follows a similar path of
creating the heavens land plants and
animals and then a man first and woman
after the Sumerians story however
includes multiple gods helping to create
everything including multiple planets
multiple gods and the planets at the
dawn of time the Hebrews were
monotheistic and unlikely to adopt the
idea of more than one God working on the
01:12:19
first people so they just took that part
out when they made the story their own
still in multiple places in the Bible
including the creation story there is an
us or we mentioned in relation to God
who were these multiple gods and what
were the planets the Babylonians spoke
off on seven of the clay tablets found
in the library of Ashurbanipal their
creation story is laid out clearly
somehow the Sumerians were told by these
deities coming from the heavens that
01:12:50
there were multiple planets out there
including one called Nibiru this tale of
the tree of creation is strikingly
similar to the Anunnaki extraterrestrial
idea that states the aliens came to
earth to create a race of beings who
would become humans the reason to mind
gold for them which is uniquely
mentioned in the Bible's first book of
Genesis why the Anunnaki in their quest
to create a population of gold miners
01:13:22
the alien rulers create Adam and Eve
which could either be the first two
people ever or representative of a group
of people these Sumerian gods
Anke and Enlil respectively gods of
earth and waters and of air and earth
are the main forces in the Anunnaki
under their father Anu
who was the top god
in the creation myth it was Enki and
Enlil who wanted to make people they
were supposedly alien genetic engineers
01:13:53
creating their master race the blending
of Sumerian myths and the idea that the
Anunnaki were actually extraterrestrial
beings follow the same path instead of
gods creating and then impregnating Eve
for the first time the aliens did it in
their attempt at getting the labor they
needed to get the gold the tree of
creation was symbolic of not only the
dawn of what the Bible calls the
Nephilim offspring of humans and
Anunnaki angels or aliens but also of
01:14:25
the highly advanced knowledge that the
alien leaders gave them the Sumerian rod
and the ring of divine kingship
symbolism carved stone Stella's seals
and other artistic pieces frequently
show a god or goddess handing over a rod
and ring item to a new or reigning king
this is frequently shown as a type of
gift to a ruler
who's sacrificing or presenting
something to the deities the general
01:14:57
impression from the carvings and
accompanying tales indicate that this
rod and ring bestows divine kingship to
the recipient role of religion in
Sumerian royalty in this powerful
ancient civilization the priests and
priestesses held much the same power as
the king they made and upheld laws
organized and lorded over trade
agreements and held other important jobs
priests could also be scribes
priestesses perform dental and medical
01:15:28
assistance to the people more
importantly these religious leaders were
the go-between for humans and the gods
and goddesses who made up the Sumerian
Pantheon as the people believed that
deities controlled everything this was
an exceptionally vital role the idea of
divine kingship in truth the priests may
have been more important than the Kings
since they decided and
who the gods and goddesses gave divine
01:15:58
kingship to essentially much like the
later Pharaohs of Egypt Sumerian Kings
were bestowed their regal status by the
gods directly this is what the rod and
ring symbol represents symbolic meaning
of the rod and ring structure circles
frequently mean eternity and the ring in
these sumerian divinity king
relationship echoes that the shape also
brings to mind the Egyptian symbol for
eternity or continuity although there's
01:16:30
no way Sumerian Kings ruled forever
since they were mortal perhaps it
indicated that they would be blessed by
the gods for that long the rod is akin
to the classic royal scepter or staff
that many rulers throughout history of
used in conjunction with the eternal
nature of the ring the rod may symbolize
a period of time that has a beginning
and an end for mortal rulers this would
indicate his lifetime this idea is
supposed to be a tale of Inanna
gathering her measuring rod before
01:17:02
descending into the world below combined
the message that the Anunnaki bestowed
upon the rulers of ancient Sumeria could
have been that they had the favor of the
gods who were eternal but only for their
lifetime these Sumerian rod and ring
design used on stone carvings and other
artwork
represents the idea of divine kingship
and support while still keeping the
eternal gods separate from the mortal
Kings although there's no direct
connection between this symbol and the
01:17:34
theory that the Anunnaki were
extraterrestrial beings it would make
sense that visitors from other worlds
intent on creating a race of humans for
their own purposes would present them
with special gifts to indicate their
perceived power on earth the Sumerian
origins of Eastern
Christian's in these modern days
celebrate Easter as the day Jesus rose
from the dead they worship at church and
engage in various symbolic activities
such as hiding Easter eggs and leaving
01:18:06
baskets of candy from the Easter Bunny
obviously the Bible mentions nothing
about painted eggs and cleverly wrapped
chocolates what many Christians may be
surprised to know is that Easter started
well before Jesus was said to have lived
Easter comes from Ishtar the ancient
Babylonian goddess of spring and
fertility in Samaria she was called
annona who was the granddaughter of one
of the major gods and Lille in their
pantheon Ishtar the most commonly known
01:18:38
name of this multi culture goddess was
also called the Queen of Heaven she was
a pivotal figure in the first religion
ever to arise on earth her godly husband
named Nimrod was described as a Sun God
and was represented by many names across
many ancient religions
how does Ishtar relate to Easter besides
the word itself coming from the
goddesses name and the celebration being
for the return of the king of heaven
there are other similarities between our
01:19:10
modern-day celebration of this spring
holiday and what the people would do way
back in ancient Babylon
it seems eggs played an important role
in the early celebrations of course they
are a symbol of rebirth and renewal an
ancient legend also tells of a massive
egg that falls from the sky and landed
near their civilization center this
sounds suspiciously like some sort of
extraterrestrial aircraft that aligns
with the alien theory of the Anunnaki
01:19:40
the legend continues by saying when
Ishtar emerged from the egg she would
bestow gifts whoever found it
other similarities between celebrations
besides tales of a mysterious egg from
the heavens much of the same things
we're done to celebrate the return of
spring and the queen and king of heaven
people and especially priests dress to
their finest clothes beautiful flowers
were strewn about and people held
special ceremonies at sunrise
01:20:11
throughout the ages all around the world
civilizations celebrate the return of
the Rising Sun and the warmth that
brings new crops and new baby animals
these symbols associated with these
things rabbits who breed readily eggs
and flowers were used equally in
Babylonian celebrations of Ishtar and
modern Easter worship as well either
this means that some real connection
exists that strings together ancient
Anunnaki deities or beings with our
01:20:43
modern belief systems or that cultures
are very good at borrowing from one
another for assimilation purposes either
way when modern Christians search for
painted eggs
enjoy springtime candy or pan out to
church to celebrate the rising of Jesus
Christ they may be surprised to know
that it all began thousands of years ago
with a son guys who may have actually
been an extra try
the Annunaki family tree and immortality
way back at the dawn of civilization in
01:21:18
ancient Mesopotamia and around the area
of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers these
Sumerians arose as a strong and
considerably advanced group of people
who worshipped a pantheon of God's
called the Anunnaki as all gods usually
are these celestial beings were immortal
and quite powerful their family tree
stretches through many generations their
immortality means that more and more
gods and goddesses were added to the
group all the time the High God
01:21:50
Anu the name of this God simply means
sky he ruled over the heavens the Stars
and all the other gods in the Anunnaki
family tree his wife's name was ki
translated as earth together they ruled
the whole of existence and the people
who worship them Anu was not only the
main God worshipped by the Sumerians but
his name is also the first part of the
term Anunnaki which means sky or heaven
01:22:21
descend earth thus the name of the
family tree that describes the gods and
goddesses of later generations was
literally those who descended from
heaven and came to earth they were
described as physical beings who existed
alongside the humans and helped them
ancient Sumerians may have been
superstitious but they were not
unintelligent they described the
extraterrestrial visitors who came to
bestow them gifts and knowledge to
advance their civilization as deities
01:22:54
both would come out of the sky down to
land where they lived
generations of Anunnaki the Sumerians
had an explanation from where Anu came
from he descended from more nebulous
forms that were not physically present
with the people of that day such as
Tiamat alternately called a dragon in
the saltwater sea and absolute the
personification of freshwater which is
the source of all life different sources
have different family trees of the
01:23:27
ancient Anunnaki based on location and
source an alternative one puts Anu the
sky god above t amount and OPSEU as well
as their most well known sons Enki and
Enlil the Lords of earth and wisdom and
air respectively alien bloodlines when
exploring the idea that the Anunnaki
were really extraterrestrial beings that
came down to early humans genetically
engineer them to be more intelligent
01:23:59
advanced and guide the creation of
ancient civilization the pantheon of
gods and goddesses reads more like a
description of specialties than magical
powers although the source of the alien
beings is lost to legend and myth they
still may have appeared immortal to the
humans due to their very long lifetimes
which legends say measured in the
thousands or tens of thousands of years
as with most ancient religions and
shared with the alien theories of the
01:24:30
Anunnaki the gods bred with humans and
created rulers and helpers the Anunnaki
demigods the up Khalu before there were
human-alien hybrids or the Anunnaki
themselves there were the OPCON loom or
demigods these were the creatures who
existed before all human knowledge
began they were described as Fishman and
Birdman who attended to the tree of life
their job was to give humankind the
01:25:03
knowledge they needed to advance the
moral codes necessary to do so within
the God's acceptance and also protect
them from the demons and illnesses Enki
the holy son of the high god
anu was sent to me directly in charge of
these demigods in various myths of those
times they were referred to as his
priests or sages the up kala themselves
were not deities the Apollo is biblical
nepheline when combined with religious
01:25:36
doctrines from around the world many see
them as the biblical Nephilim who
descended from heaven to protect and
provide services for mankind this is
also supported by the tales of them
causing harmful situations as well as
helpful ones the intricate combination
of the legends from various sources
tells of watchers who fell from heaven
or the skies and thus retain their quasi
divinity while losing their immortality
these basic characteristics apply to
01:26:07
angels who fell with Satan the up Khalu
fish man and the biblical Nephilim who
were described as men of renown heroes
of old all of these tales also mention a
story similar to the Garden of Eden and
the first creations of God falling from
grace The Tree of Life is a common theme
in ancient Sumerian legends as the
people in the garden disobey they put on
fig leaves or a fish cloak lose their
01:26:38
immortal status and are cast out onto
earth thus the later story from the
Christian Bible is a retelling of the
Sumerian tale of a dapper Adam becoming
human he was watched over by the fish
men near the Tree of Life
but when he failed to follow the divine
rules they facilitated his removal
other common legends of the app Khalu
besides the dawn of humankind these fish
01:27:08
and bird men opt Khalu also had an
influence on other common tales
attributed more recently to a monolithic
God for example the story of Noah's Ark
and a great flood showed up first in
Mesopotamian literature it was even
mentioned in the quite famous epic of
gilgamesh generally thought to be one of
the first full stories ever created on
earth the fact that the Anunnaki
demigods legends transferred so readily
to future civilizations and religions
01:27:40
give us an indication of how essential
they were to their function and belief
system were these fish men and bird men
truly fallen angels who rebelled against
God to join with the mortal beings on
earth were they primordial beings that
simply tended the Tree of Life or were
they the first alien visitors who
orchestrated the rise of human
civilization from its earliest roots
either way the OPCON liu remain an
intriguing idea with threads that wind
01:28:11
through history the serpent of life
wisdom and ninja schita the intertwining
stories that surround the tree of life
and creation myths have another
characteristic in common the inclusion
of a lurking serpent in the biblical
tales the snake was a trickster
sometimes a symbol of satan himself who
tempted Eve with the knowledge of good
and evil he invited her to become like
God something she could ultimately not
01:28:43
withstand in sumerian lore ninja schita
directly translates to Lord of the good
tree instead of an evil force he was a
God of vegetation and the underworld and
not particularly unpleasant he sometimes
said to be a great dragon instead of a
simple snake and was responsible for
planting the Tree of Life himself but
this was also attributed to Enki the
creator of mankind and the store of
wisdom
mingi jito in other cultures earlier
01:29:16
civilizations in the Indus River Valley
had very similar tales of their origin
however instead of accepting that they
were borrowed or influenced by Sumerian
and Mesopotamian Lord they considered it
a local story instead of a snake this
figure looked more like a ball which is
of course quite popular even today in
Indian religious teachings it shared
characteristics with the serpent even
though these characteristics were varied
and dual in many examples of folklore
01:29:47
the dragon serpent or Baal could speak
possibly transformed into a humanoid
shape and act as a go-between for the
gods in Indus Valley beliefs people
needed to sacrifice the ball in order
for it to reach heaven some considered
ngoz to represent a closer version of
mingi jina symbolism of the serpent of
life and wisdom although the
similarities between the various ancient
cultures are intriguing and point to
01:30:19
some greater overreaching truth it's the
symbolism of the origins serpent shape
that tells us the most about its meaning
the early Indians used a ball because it
aligned with their personal interests
the much older sumerian serpent stands
as the true origin of this character
have you ever seen a medical caduceus
this icon as a vertical rod at the
center wings spread on top and two
intertwining serpents wrapped around it
some indicate that the rod is the spine
01:30:52
the serpents part of the nervous system
and the wings represent the brain the
two snakes are also indicative of DNA
this image actually comes from the
Anunnaki God Enki who was said to be the
creator of all things and the Lord of
all wisdom many attributes of a snake
are attributed to him the idea of
rebirth through the shedding of skin
cunning and cleverness and the ability
to survive despite hardship symbolically
01:31:23
they also stood for wisdom and eternal
light when this symbol of Enki is
inserted into the Garden of Eden story
the serpent takes on new meaning that
clever trickster who tempted Eve was not
a demon intent on the downfall of
humankind instead it was a changeable
force intent on bestowing great
knowledge and wisdom on them this in
turn supported them after they were cast
out to earth and enabled them to create
01:31:53
the advanced civilizations frequently
contributed to the Anunnaki direct
influence on humans Sumerian Anunnaki
influence on world cultures from the
very beginning when sumaré was one of
the best and only civilizations of the
world its deities legends and folklore
affected other ones that arose around or
after it while many people know the more
common stories of the Christian Bible
and can now see how even they were
01:32:24
influenced by Sumerian tales other
cultures throughout time have thus been
affected the Anunnaki had an ongoing and
integral influence on everyone from the
first human beings on earth to the
modern age historical evidence gives
clues that support this theory in
ancient Egypt the greco-roman period and
even all the way across the ocean in
South America
Annunaki influence in Egypt one
01:32:55
intriguing style of artwork found in
Egyptian tombs and temples is a winged
disc motif well generally said to
represent raw the sun-god its similarity
to the sumerian idea of the
extra-terrestrial gods coming down to
protect them is quite stark some say it
even represents Nibiru which is the name
of the planet the Anunnaki come from
greco-roman Anunnaki the ancient
Sumerian tales obviously have great
01:33:25
influence on the early Christians and
their Bible as well as Gnostic texts
like the Jewish Book of Enoch there are
also similarities between various
members of the Anunnaki family tree and
the gods and goddesses worshiped by both
the Greeks and the Romans for example
the Greek tales of the Gods overthrowing
titans included one very reminiscent of
Anu he was a God of the heavens and had
a very similar progeny the concept of
01:33:56
primordial gods that existed before the
ones the people worshiped directly may
have come from Sumerian tales South
American signs of Anunnaki influence it
makes undeniable sense that ancient
civilizations that were geographically
close to each other should share certain
cultural tales and beliefs for those
people who do not believe in the
possibility of the Anunnaki being
extraterrestrial in origin the religious
beliefs surrounding their deities could
01:34:27
travel from Sumeria to Egypt to Greece
over a period of some time with relative
ease
however when these same influences jump
the Atlantic Ocean and end up in Central
and South America it becomes more
difficult to disbelieve some
supernatural or alien influence when
investigating both the folklore and
artifacts from the Mayan Aztec and Olmec
civilizations it becomes obvious that
the Anunnaki influence stretch much
farther
01:34:59
ancient South American lore tells the
tale of three gods named Kukulkan
quetzel Codel and Veera kocha mostly
humanoid with white skin reddish beards
and usually blue eyes these would be
very unusual features for a native South
American person to have in those days
not only were these gods unusual looking
but they were also depicted with
startling similarities to Sumerian gods
partially reptilian or bird-like faces
01:35:31
feathered wings and holding what could
be pinecone and a small bag these
similarities are difficult to ignore how
did people all the way around the globe
explain their gods in such a similar way
if the Anunnaki were not just Sumerian
deities and actually were
extraterrestrial visitors who helped
launch and grow humanity and
civilization it makes sense that
people's depictions and stories of them
were quite the same to some the Anunnaki
01:36:03
are ancient history nothing more than an
interesting story of deities worshipped
by long dead civilizations all around
the globe however there are intriguing
pieces of a massive puzzle that seems to
indicate there's more to the tale from
the Middle East and South America Africa
and New York City come clues to a
mysterious connection were the IRA naki
gods and goddesses who oversee human
lives or are they extraterrestrials who
01:36:35
created modern people for their own
purposes the obvious similarities
between ancient artifacts and art across
cultures aroused curiosity and
definitely warrant more investigation
[Music]
before we discuss anything regarding
astronomy or astrology we must
understand that in the ancient world
there was no distinction between these
two subjects they were one in the same
01:37:23
in civilization today we seem to be
heavily focused on astronomy and have
little regard for astrology our view of
astrology however is distorted to the
one in the past with the addition of
variant forms of astrology Chinese Vedic
and Western the astronomy astrology of
the past was known as the Royal science
it was the rulers pharaohs and God kings
of the ancient world who possessed the
power of these subjects an elite sect of
01:37:55
astronomer priests who were under the
command of the Royal emperors it was an
innocent science and practice developed
by the Sumerians that became abused by
later successors by the time of neo
Babylonia the astrology was a dominant
aspect primarily for divination and
control of the populace utilizing the
framework of astronomical study like all
information that's passed between
cultures there's an advancement
metamorphism either through manipulation
01:38:27
or evolution in concept or both
particularly the god kings of
mesopotamia you've seen the names of
gods and their attributes are interwoven
with astronomical detail as detailed in
the kings list you'll have seen the
academic procedures of the clever
Sumerians with incredible advancements
we still struggle to comprehend we see
advanced calculus being used to
calculate positions of planets now we're
going to get into the body of
astronomical knowledge they had the hard
01:38:59
core framework of what they knew about
the stars planets motions of the heavens
precession comets and cycles is earth
shattering we will address the Nibiru
and nygma briefly reserving full
analysis for a special episode as it's
such a huge controversial subject masked
in layers of mystery
it's a little-known fact but the
Babylonians had a comprehensive star
catalog for academic study something we
do today in the modern world of
01:39:29
astrophysics the 18th century Messier
catalog was the first compiled by
Charles Messier and lists 100 objects
nowadays we have much bigger ones the
NGC catalogue of 7000 objects and the
monstrous icy index catalogue the
Babylonian version we call the moola pin
star catalog the conventional title from
cuneiform texts is conceptually a
masterpiece of what we call modern
thinking it wasn't rivaled until messy
01:40:02
A's catalog in 1771 the moola pin was
likely compiled around 1000 BC the tax
lists the names of 66 stars some
versions 71 and constellations and
further gives several indications such
as rising setting and culmination dates
that help to map out the basic structure
of the sophisticated Babylonian star map
again the Babylonians inherited this
legacy from the Sumerians as a
hand-me-down both cultures are both
01:40:36
often referred to as star mappers of the
ancient world the Babylonian star map
and the moola pin catalog are testament
to this the moola pin taxed is named for
their incipit corresponding to the first
constellation of the year moola pen also
known as the plough identified with
Triangulum plus gamma Andromeda
constellation the earliest copy of the
text so far discovered was made in 686
BC however most scholars now believe
01:41:08
that the text was originally compiled
around 1000 BC with the latest copies of
moola pin are currently dated to around
300 BC astrophysicist Bradley Shafer
claims that the observations reported in
these tablets were made in the region of
a sewer at around the Year thirteen 70
BC
the moolah pinned by this standard was
an ancient library document record
tablet one of the mullah pen has been
instrumental for reconstructing the
01:41:39
Babylonian star chart another genius
concept to aid in mapping the Stars its
various sections locate the
constellations in relation to each other
and to the calendar all the major stars
and constellations are listed and
organized into three broad divisions
according to celestial latitude
allocating each star to three paths
utilizing the names of deities and gods
the northern path of Enlil containing 33
01:42:13
stars or constellations the presumably
equatorial path of Anu containing 23
stars or constellations and the southern
path of EA containing 15 stars or
constellations most of these stars and
constellations are further attributed to
a variety of Near Eastern deities the
Halal rising dates of 34 stars and
constellations are given according to
the 360 day ideal calendar year the
01:42:43
hawaii phil rising is what gives us
Swiss watch precision of dating as the
Halal rising occurs only once every
twenty five thousand nine hundred twenty
years accounting for precision the
obsession with measuring the Halal
rising is yet another commonality with
Egypt and other cultures
[Music]
the details on the mule up in text is
unprecedented the list of stars and
constellations that rise and set at the
01:43:26
same time the number of days between the
risings of various stars and
constellations these stars and
constellations that rise and culminate
at the same time these stars on the path
of the moon being the major
constellations close to the ecliptic
which includes all the Babylonian
forerunners to these zodiac
constellations the Dendera zodiac in
Egypt and its mysterious origins is
already there in textual form on
cuneiform in Sumeria the intricate links
01:43:58
between these two sister cultures are
abundant even though the Babylonians
used a loonie solar calendar which added
an occasional 13th month to the calendar
Mulla pen like most texts of babylonian
astrology uses an ideal year composed of
twelve ideal months each of which was
composed of an ideal 30 days in this
scheme the equinoxes were set on the
fifteenth day of the first and seventh
month and these solstices on the
01:44:28
fifteenth day of the 4th and 10th month
the second tablet of Mullah pen is of
greater interest to historians of
science as it delivers many of the
methods and procedures used by
Babylonian astrologers to predict the
movements of the Sun Moon and planets as
well as the various methods used to
regulate the calendar details of the
names of the Sun the planets and the
assertion that they all travel the same
path as the Moon which stars are rising
01:44:59
and which contain the full moon on these
solstices and equinoxes to judge the
disparity of the lunar and solar cycles
recommendations for observing the
appearance of certain stars and the
direction of the wind at the time of
their first appearance very approximate
values for the number of days that each
planet is visible
and invisible during its observational
cycle the four stars associated with the
four directional winds the dates when
the Sun is present in each of the three
01:45:30
stellar paths two types of intercalation
scheme one uses the rising dates of
certain stars while the other uses
position of the moon in relation to the
stars and constellations the relative
duration of day and night at the
solstices and equinoxes and the lengths
of shadow cast by an omen at times of
the day at the solstices and equinoxes a
basic mathematical scheme giving the
rising and setting times of the Moon in
each month a selection of astrological
01:46:02
omens there's some evidence that a third
and so far unrecovered tablet was
sometimes appended to the series it
started with a section of scholarly
explanations of celestial omens which
brings us to the ultimate doomsday omens
of the heavens evidence on a Babylonian
cuneiform tablet recorded Halley's Comet
in 164 BC came to light in recent years
written by a Babylonian scribe about a
rare phenomenon familiar to use as
01:46:34
Halley's Comet the only short period
comet visible to the naked eye the comet
which previously had been in the East
reported the ancient scribe in 164 BC
became visible and passed along the path
of EI in the West
his words chronicled the appearance of
Halley's Comet the tablet recorded the
164 BC passage of Halley's Comet is
displayed alongside another describing
the Comets return in 87 BC well the
01:47:05
British Museum has had these Babylonian
tablets for over a century their
references to the comet were only
recognized in modern times these 76 year
comet was also monitored by the Chinese
for 2150 years from 240 BC onwards the
significance of both these cultures is
the precise dating and verification of
the astronomical detail in chronologies
the other significance is that comets
have always been perceived as harbingers
01:47:37
of doom for very good reason
deeply embedded in the psyche of all
ancient cultures and mythology we see
astrology move away from behaviorism of
people born at certain months people
born under constellations and in June
divination of the neo-babylonian period
as there was a systematic demand for
omens good or bad from the kingdoms
rulers the origins of Western astronomy
can be found in Mesopotamia and all
01:48:07
Western efforts in the exact sciences
modern knowledge of sumerian astronomy
is indirect via the earliest Babylonian
star catalogues dating from about 1200
BC the fact that many star names appear
in Sumerian suggests a continuity
reaching into the early Bronze Age we
have a date for the Babylonian star map
putting it mysteriously in the 3rd
millennium BC technically it should be
called the sumerian star map for its era
yet it was found in the library of
01:48:39
Ashurbanipal in assyria in the 7th
century BC what we can tell with this
Babylonian star map is that in the 3rd
millennium BC there was a sophisticated
astronomy somehow astronomy went
underground only to blossom again in the
Babylonian era 1800 BC onwards
Babylonian astronomy was like a
Renaissance period which finally became
embroiled in divination astrology in the
neo-assyrian and neo-babylonian empire
01:49:12
amazingly upon examination of the
Babylonian star map clay tablets it
reveals a mysterious object in the skies
it displays astronomical work as it has
drawings of constellations on it and the
text is known constellation names it has
attracted a lot of attention but in over
a hundred years yet nobody has come up
with a convincing explanation as to what
it is with modern computer programs that
can simulate trajectories and
reconstruct the night sky thousands of
01:49:43
years ago
the researchers have established what
the planisphere tablet refers to it's a
copy of the night notebook of an unknown
Sumerian astronomer as he records the
events in the sky before dawn in June
3123 BC Julian calendar half the tablet
records planet positions and cloud cover
the same as any other night but the
other half of the tablet records an
object large enough for its shape to be
01:50:13
noted even though it's still in space
presumably an asteroid during the eighth
and seventh centuries BC Babylonian
astronomers developed a new empirical
approach to astronomy they began
studying philosophy dealing with the
ideal nature of the universe
and began employing an internal logic
within their predictive planetary
systems this was an important
contribution to astronomy and the
philosophy of science and some scholars
01:50:44
of thus referred to this new approach as
the first scientific revolution this new
approach to astronomy was adopted and
further developed in Greek and
Hellenistic astronomy classical Greek
and Latin sources frequently used the
term Chaldeans for the astronomers of
Mesopotamia who were priests scribes
specializing in astrology and other
forms of divination the significant
point of all this is that mere fragments
of Babylonian astronomy have survived
01:51:15
consisting largely of contemporary clay
tablets containing astronomical Diaries
ephemerides in procedural texts
hence current knowledge of Babylonian
astronomy is in a fragmentary state
these surviving fragments show that
Babylonian astronomy was the first
successful attempt at giving a refined
mathematical description of astronomical
phenomena and that all subsequent
varieties of scientific astronomy in the
Hellenistic world in India in Islam and
01:51:47
in the West depend upon Babylonian
astronomy in decisive in fundamental
ways
just how old is Babylonian astronomy
then old Babylonian astronomy was
practiced during and after the first
Babylonian Dynasty circa 1830 BC and
before the neo-babylonian empire Circus
626 BC from the Sumerian names and the
Babylonian star chart showing Sumerian
01:52:17
night skies in 3123 BC from Ashurbanipal
library of 700 BC area it's obvious that
Sumerians passed knowledge to
Babylonians which by the time of 700 BC
was descending into the dark ages it's
best to think what we can learn from the
fragments left behind instead of
attributing who invented what and when
clearly on multiple levels we see time
and again the Babylonians as inheritors
of knowledge of these Sumerians the
01:52:49
Babylonians were the first to recognize
that astronomical phenomena are periodic
and apply mathematics to their
predictions tablets dating back to the
old babylonian period document the
application of mathematics to the
variation in the length of daylight over
a solar year centuries of babylonian
observations in celestial phenomena were
recorded in the series of cuneiform
tablets known as a Numa Anu Enlil the
oldest significant astronomical text
01:53:21
that we possess is tablet 63 of the Anu
ma Anu Enlil the Venus tablet of Amissah
dukkha which lists the first and last
visible risings of venus over a period
of about 21 years this is the earliest
evidence that planetary phenomena were
recognized as periodic the moola pin
contains catalogues of stars and
constellations as well as schemes for
predicting Hilal risings and settings of
01:53:52
the planets and lengths of daylight as
measured by a water clock genome n'
shadows and inner calculations the
Babylonian text arranges stars in
strings that lie along declination
circles and thus measure
right ascensions or time intervals also
employs the Stars of the zenith which
are also separated by given right
ascension differences there are dozens
of cuneiform Mesopotamian texts with
real observation of eclipses mainly from
01:54:23
Babylonia the Babylonians were the first
civilization known to possess a
functional theory of the planets the
oldest surviving planetary astronomical
text is the Babylonian Venus tablet of a
Mesa dukkha a 7th century BC copy of a
list of observations of the motions of
the planet Venus that probably dates as
early as the 2nd millennium BC time and
again we see 7th century BC copies
survived of 2nd millennium BC data the
01:54:56
Babylonian astrologers also laid the
foundations of what would eventually
become Western astrology via Numa Anu
Enlil written during the neo-assyrian
period in the 7th century BC it
comprises a list of omens and their
relationships with various celestial
phenomena including the motions of the
planets in contrast to the worldview
presented in Mesopotamia and Assyria
Babylonian literature particularly in
Mesopotamian and Babylonian mythology
01:55:28
very little is known about the cosmology
and world view of the ancient Babylonian
astrologers and astronomers this is
largely due to the current fragmentary
state of Babylonian planetary theory
also due to Babylonian astronomy being
independent from cosmology at the time
nevertheless traces of cosmology can be
found in Babylonian literature and
mythology
in Babylonian cosmology the earth and
01:56:01
the heavens were depicted as a spacial
hole even one of round shape with
references to the circumference of
heaven and earth and the totality of
heaven and earth their worldview was not
exactly geocentric either the idea of
geocentrism where the center of the
earth is the exact center of the
universe did not yet exist in Babylonian
cosmology but was established later by
the Greek philosopher Aristotle on the
heavens
in contrast Babylonian cosmology
01:56:33
suggested that the cosmos revolved
around circularly with the heavens and
the earth being equal and joined the
Babylonians and their predecessors these
Sumerians also believed in plurality of
heavens and earths this idea dates to
Sumerian incantations in the second
millennium BC which refers to there
being seven heavens and seven Earth's
linked possibly chronologically to the
creation by these seven generations of
gods neo Babylonian astronomy refers to
01:57:06
the astronomy developed by Chilean
astronomers during the neo-babylonian
recommended Seleucid and Parthian
periods of Mesopotamian history a
significant increase in the quality and
frequency of Babylonian observations
appeared during the reign of Navin a sir
747 to 734 BC these systematic records
of ominous phenomena in Babylonian
astronomical Diaries that began at this
time allowed for the discovery of a
01:57:36
repeating 18-year Saros cycle of lunar
eclipses for example the Greco Egyptian
astronomer Ptolemy later used Navin a
sirs reign to fix the beginning of an
era since he felt that the earliest
usable observations began at this time
Babylonian astrology as well as in
Assyrian was a direct offshoot of
Babylonian culture astrology takes its
place as one of the two chief means at
the disposal of the priests also known
01:58:07
as the inspectors for ascertaining the
will and intention
of the gods using solar and lunar
eclipses precise position of planets
Babylonian astrology was the first
organized system of astrology arising in
the second millennium BC there's
speculation that astrology of some form
appeared in the Sumerian period in the
3rd millennium BC but the isolated
references to ancient celestial omens
dated to this period are not considered
sufficient evidence to demonstrate an
01:58:39
integrated theory of astrology this is
largely a misunderstanding as ancient
astrology the behavioral Sun sign
astrology from Sumerian and old
Babylonian standards was completely
different to neo-babylonian divination
astrology the history of scholarly
celestial divination is therefore
generally reported to begin with late
old Babylonian texts circa 1800 BC
continuing through the middle babylonian
01:59:11
and middle assyrian periods circa 1200
BC by the sixth century BC the extensive
employment of omen based astrology can
be evidenced in the compilation of a
comprehensive reference work known as
Enuma Anu Enlil its contents consisted
of 70 cuneiform tablets comprising seven
thousand celestial omens text from this
time also referred to an oral tradition
the origin and content of which can only
be speculated upon at that time
01:59:43
Babylonian astrology was solely mundane
and prior to the 7th century BC the
practitioners understanding of astronomy
was rudimentary there was clearly a
dissent in the astronomy and an ascent
in the omen astrology giving rise to two
different fields because of their
inability to accurately predict future
celestial phenomena and planetary
movement very far in advance
interpretations were done as the
phenomena occurred or slightly before by
02:00:14
the 4th century however their
mathematical methods had progressed
enough to calculate future planetary
positions with reasonable accuracy at
which point extensive
hemorrhoids began to appear the gods
were also believed to present themselves
in the celestial images of the planets
or stars with whom they were associated
evil celestial omens attached to any
specific planet were therefore seen as
indications of dissatisfaction or
disturbance of the god that planet
02:00:44
represented such indications were met
with attempts to appease the God and
find manageable ways by which the gods
expression could be realized without
significant harm to the king and his
nation an astronomical report to the
King Esarhaddon concerned a lunar
eclipse of January 6 73 BC shows how the
ritualistic use of substitute Kings or
substitute events combined an
unquestioning belief in magic and omens
with a purely mechanical view that the
02:01:16
astrological event must have some
correlation with the natural world as
follows in the Kingdom of the Year a
flood will come and break the dikes when
the moon has made the Eclipse the king
my lord should write to me as a
substitute for the king
I will cut through a dike here in
Babylonia in the middle of the night no
one will know about it ulla weston
halts in her 1995 book Mesopotamian
astrology argues that this ambivalence
02:01:48
between a theistic and a mechanic's
worldview defines the Babylonian concept
of celestial divination as one which
despite its heavy reliance on magic
remains free of implications of targeted
punishment with the purpose of revenge
and so shares some of the defining
traits of modern science its objective
and value free it operates according to
the known rules and its data are
considered universally valid and can be
looked up in written tabulations kok
02:02:20
weston holds austell establishes the
most important distinction between
ancient babylonian astrology and other
divination disciplines as being that the
former was originally exclusively
mundane being geographically oriented
and
specifically applied to countries cities
and nations and almost wholly concerned
with the welfare of the state and the
king as the governing head of the nation
planets and gods of the planets five
02:02:50
were recognized Jupiter Venus Saturn
Mercury and Mars to name them an order
in which they appear in the older
cuneiform literature in later texts
mercury and Saturn change places these
five planets were identified with the
gods of the Babylonian Pantheon as
follows Jupiter with Marduk Venus with
the goddess Ishtar Saturn with Nenita
mercury with Nabu and Mars with Nergal
the movements of the Sun Moon and five
02:03:23
planets were regarded as representing
the activity of the five gods in
question together with the moon god sin
and the sun-god shamash in preparing the
occurrences on earth if therefore one
could correctly read and interpret the
activity of these powers one knew what
the gods were aiming to bring about the
Babylonian priests accordingly applied
themselves to the tasks of perfecting a
system of interpretation of the
phenomena to be observed in the heavens
02:03:55
and it was natural that the system was
extended from the moon Sun and five
planets to the more prominent and
recognizable fixed stars Association of
ideas involving sometimes merely of play
upon words in connection with the
phenomenon or phenomena observed thus if
on a certain occasion the rise of the
new moon in a cloudy sky was followed by
victory over an enemy or by abundant
rain the sign in question was thus
02:04:26
proved to be a favorable one and its
reoccurrence would that's forth be
regarded as a good omen
though the prognostication would not
necessarily be limited to the one or the
other of these occurrences but might be
extended to apply to other circumstances
on the other hand the appearance of the
new moon earlier than was expected was
regarded as on favor of
prognosticating in one case defeat in
another DEATH among cattle and a third
bad crops
none of this necessarily because the
02:04:58
events took place after such a
phenomenon but by an application of the
general principle resting upon
association of ideas whereby anything
premature would suggest an unfavorable
occurrence in this way a mass of
traditional interpretation of all kinds
of observed phenomena was gathered and
once gathered became a guide to the
priests for all times however not all
these ideas are still used in astrology
as it is usually practiced today a lot
02:05:30
of astronomy tablets survived because of
Ashurbanipal cuneiform library
Ashurbanipal was a king of Assyria who
ruled in the 7th century BC from 668 to
625 he was famous for assembling a great
library of cuneiform tablets in Nineveh
about astrology history mythology and
science
some of us urbana pauls astrologers such
as romano sumasar and Nabu mu CC became
02:06:01
so adept at deducing omens from daily
movements of the planets that a system
of making periodical reports to the King
came into being the saucer ba Nepal
received swift messengers detailing all
occurrences in heaven and earth
throughout his kingdom and the results
of his astrologers examinations of them
he then used this information as a
political weapon and for the practical
day-to-day running of his kingdom after
his death Nineveh fell to the Medes and
02:06:32
the Sheldon Babylonians and Oscar
monopoles library was destroyed or
dispersed
how astronomical information was handled
and manipulated is something you must
deeply consider when we discuss our
final topic of the notorious Nibiru
from various Babylonian star catalogues
the lepen and others we have numerous
resources that mention Nibiru what
exactly Nibiru is open to heated debate
02:07:04
Babylonian astronomy collated earlier
observations and divinations in two sets
of Babylonian star catalogues during and
after the castle rule over Babylonia
these star catalogues written in
cuneiform script contained lists of
constellations individual stars and
planets the constellations were probably
collected from various other sources
the earliest catalogue three stars each
mentioned stars of Akkad and Amuro or a
02:07:35
LOM and others it must be noted that
these several times Nibiru is mentioned
from all sources like the moola pin and
astrolabe B star catalogues the pneuma
elihss and others we are likely dealing
with different authors and completely
different intentions honorable or
otherwise for writing the references of
Nibiru we know these catalogues are
referring to real astronomical phenomena
such as constellations and planets
various sources have theorized a
02:08:07
Sumerian origin for these Babylonian
constellations but an ala might origin
has also been proposed a connection to
these star symbology of Kassite kuduro
border stones has also been claimed
but whether such cuju ruse really
represented constellations and
astronomical information aside from the
use of these symbols remains unclear the
Babylonian star catalogues entered Greek
astronomy in the 4th century BC via
02:08:37
Eudoxus of Sanitas and others a few of
the constellation names in use in modern
astronomy can be traced to Babylonian
sources by a Greek astronomy among the
most ancient constellations are those
that marked the four cardinal points of
the year in the middle Bronze Age in
other words Taurus the ball from Mogu an
na the steer of heaven marking vernal
equinox
Leo the Lion from mole or gula the lion
02:09:09
marking summer solstice Scorpius
the scorpion from mole gear table the
scorpion marking autumn equinox
Capricornus horned goat from Vosseler
mas the goat fish marking winter
solstice it's a mythological hybrid
depicted on boundary stones from before
2000 BC as a symbol of EA there are
other constellation names which can be
traced to Bronze Age Origins including
02:09:41
Gemini the twins from mamas table bought
goggle the Great twins Cancer the crab
from moola little the crayfish among
others answer the crab from moola little
the crayfish among others to pinpoint
Nibiru like constellations is nearly
impossible
the Mesopotamian sources clearly and
repeatedly referred to something called
Nibiru the mention of Nibiru several
02:10:13
times as an observed astronomical object
is fact it's both referred to as a star
and as a planet at various times outside
astronomical texts Nibiru can mean
several things place of crossing in the
Gilgamesh epic we read the line straight
is the crossing point
Nibiru a gateway and narrow is the way
that leads to it new bureau is referring
to an astronomical body that can be
complicated superscripted d the
02:10:44
cuneiform sign for God dinger and so
Nibiru may refer to a God recall that
Sumerians and Mesopotamians associated
heavenly bodies with deities
superscripted Mool the cuneiform sign
for star and so Nibiru is a star Nibiru
is preceded by both D and Mool and so is
referred to as a deity and a star in the
text that follow Nibiru was regarded as
a planet
02:11:16
specifically Jupiter but one says
mercury a God specifically Marduk and a
star distinguished from Jupiter scholars
of cuneiform astronomy have not been
able to determine with certainty what
exactly Nibiru is there are critics
skeptics and believers of the planet ax
or planet of the crossing theory this
planet of the crossing is a fair
interpretation of the Mesopotamian data
as muddled and confusing as it is it's
02:11:49
not proof
nor is it disproved that the critics
based on Sumerian texts to ignore there
are several authors of Nibiru
observations and ignore the descent into
astrology is misleading the earliest
sources of Nibiru are likely the correct
ones and like the astrology business for
the rulers and later descending cultures
there was less focus on astronomical
fact and more on omens references to
Nibiru as Jupiter are likely deceptive
02:12:20
even in ancient times they could
pinpoint Jupiter with advanced calculus
in the old babylonian period they knew
exactly what it was
the only thing critics have done is
proven that Nibiru is a planet of the
crossing is a viable theory there's also
the slight problem of the iris data the
discovery of an infrared object possibly
a brown dwarf in our nearby solar system
now swept under the rug in addition the
fact that they've discovered planet x in
02:12:51
2016 but calling it planet 9 as a
deliberate misleading trick the Royal
science of astronomy was high and became
convoluted with a focus on astrology
originally the fixing of the zodiac
constellations on the equator with the
Taurus Scorpio axis never deviating over
eons was revolutionary
these Sumerians Akkadians at Scorpio
axis never deviating over eons was
revolutionary
these Sumerians Acadians and Babylonians
02:13:24
were star mappers of the ancient
they observed everything in the heavens
most likely asteroids comets and rogue
planets amongst the rest of the day to
day astronomy our world would have never
advanced without them
the arre to Genesis Ziusudra epic the
arre to Genesis also known as the
Ziusudra epic is a fragmentary Sumerian
version of the flood epic written in
cuneiform although it dates to around
02:14:05
1600 BC it's probably a shortened copy
of a much older poem that's dependent on
an even older account samuel noah kramer
concluded that Ziusudra had become a
venerable figure in literary tradition
by the middle of the third millennium BC
the hero Ziusudra found long life is
listed as the last king of Sumer in the
old Babylonian Empire in the sumerian
king list its content covers the
creation of humanity animals and
02:14:36
building of the earliest cities of erie
do bada birra Larsa sipar and Sheree
pock following a break in the tablet the
narrative picks up with a decision by
the gods to send a deluge to punish
humanity the narrative records the god
Enki directing Ziusudra to build a large
boat followed by a missing section and
picking up with a description of the
flood a seven-day storm tosses a huge
boat about on the water until the Sun
due to appears in the hero Ziusudra
02:15:08
worships and offers an animal sacrifice
to the gods following the flood Ziusudra
thanks the gods on sky god and Enlil
captain of the gods who bless him with
breath eternal and take him to live in
dill moon the mention of this place in
lines 258 through 261 is unique in the
flood epochs in this version the boat
floats down the Euphrates River into the
Persian Gulf to come to rest on the
island of dill moon modern Baran rather
02:15:39
than resting on a mountain in Sumerian
the word core line 140 means country
well in Akkadian Gilgamesh epic it's
understood to mean Mountain the
remainder of the tablet is unfortunately
missing
the flood tablet the historical object
is the flood tablet part of the greater
series of tablets known as the epic of
gilgamesh which relates the story of the
Great Flood made roughly in the 7th
century BCE during the neo-assyrian
02:16:21
empire it was discovered in Nineveh now
part of northern Iraq the flood tablet
is a ceramic tablet made of clay written
in cuneiform a blunt read called a
stylus is used to impress wedge-shaped
writing onto wet clay and the tablet can
cure either by baking outside in the Sun
or being fired in a kiln several forms
of cuneiform exists each form is written
in a different language the flood tablet
is written in Akkadian the language of
the neo-assyrian empire cuneiform has
02:16:54
existed for nearly 5000 years and was
about 2,500 years old when the flood
tablet was written the flood tablet was
discovered in the mid 19th century by a
Turkish Assyria logist named Hormuz
rasam during the excavation of key
eunuch a-fallin ransacked city 13 miles
wide
it was then shipped to the British
Museum with other broken bits of pottery
and similar pieces in 1872 George Smith
discovered this piece of the Epic of
02:17:24
Gilgamesh among the bits of rubble
he's said to have jumped up and rushed
about the room in a great state of
excitement and to the astonishment of
those present began to undress himself
the flood tablet comes from the
neo-assyrian culture of the 7th century
BCE Mesopotamia modern date northern
Iraq during this time Assyrians are
dominating Meza taymiyah with a vast
army comprised of over 50,000 mixed
infantry cavalry and chariots efficience
02:17:54
several uprisings challenge the armies
of Kings Ashurbanipal a 34 mile aqueduct
was constructed to carry water into
Nineveh in advance of the technology of
this Empire King Ashurbanipal ruled from
669 to 631 BCE
he'd been trained to be an adviser to
his older brother who were in line to
rule the Assyrian Empire because he was
trained in the scribal arts Ashurbanipal
was aware of the importance of vast
02:18:24
knowledge he used his power to assemble
a library containing the accumulated
wisdom of Mesopotamia which included the
Epic of Gilgamesh from which the flood
tablet comes very little is known of the
creator of the Epic of Gilgamesh or who
wrote these tablets
although the Epic of Gilgamesh is the
longest piece of literature in Akkadian
known to modern historians the flood
tablet is significant in world history
in that it tells nearly the same exact
story as the flood and Noah in the Bible
02:18:56
to some historians the multiple accounts
of this world event proved its existence
to others it meant that one culture
borrowed the story from another it's
unclear which culture broke down this
account first the discovery of the flood
tablet has raised questions beyond
Nineveh in fact it's raised questions of
massive religious and world historical
importance
the Sumerian king list the king list is
a detailed account of king ships
stretching into the prehistory of the
Sumerian people beset beside telling us
02:19:44
that they descended from heaven and
features non-human rain lengths the
first fragment a 4,000 year old
cuneiform tablet was found in the early
1900s by German American scholar Herman
hill Precht
at the site of the agent of poor and it
was published in 1906 since Hill bricks
discovery at least eighteen other
examples of the Kings list have been
found no two of these documents are
identical however there's enough common
material in all versions of the list to
02:20:15
make it clear that they're derived from
a single account of Sumerian History
researchers initially thought that they
were straightforward historical
documents but as more complete versions
came to light it became obvious that
many of the Kings were either wholly or
partially mythological or maybe there's
another possibility yes
aliens the document starts at the
beginning of history the time when
kingship descended from heaven and made
a redo the seat of the kingship the list
02:20:45
is characterized by extremely long
durations for the different rains
especially the earlier ones 1/4 of a
million years is assigned to the first 8
Kings before the flood and more than
25,000 years for the first two dynasties
after the flood the Sumerian king list
provides a list of 8 Kings who reigned
for lengthy periods of time before the
flood ranging from eighteen thousand six
hundred to forty three thousand two
hundred years this is like Genesis five
worthy generations from creation of the
02:21:17
flood are recorded interestingly between
Adam and Noah there are eight
generations just as there are eight
kings between the beginning of kingship
and the flood in the Sumerian king list
many tried to debunk this as simple
mythology but one must raise the right
questions why would the Sumerians
combine mythical rulers with actual
historical rulers in one document why
are there so many similarities with
Genesis why were ancient kings described
as rule
for thousands of years
02:21:50
[Music]
Shema tablet and reliefs the tablet of
shamash is a stone tablet recovered from
the ancient babylonian city of sipar in
southern iraq in 1881 it's now a major
piece in the british museum's ancient
Middle East collection it's dated to the
reign of King Nabu oblah Adeiny circa
888 to 855 BC when novel polis are
02:22:36
discovered the tablet it was enclosed in
this fired clay cover originally made by
Naboo oblah adeana
after replacing the cover Naboo polis
are buried the original alongside the
tablet the template was discovered
during excavations by Hormuz rasam
between 1878 and 1883 the tablet was
found complete but already broken into
two large and six small pieces by the
time of King novel polis are between 625
02:23:06
and 605 BC he replaced it with a new one
and placed the original in an inscribed
earthenware casket along with some
related items and insured them under the
asphalt temple floor
it was encased in a clay cast or squeeze
that created impressions when placed
over the face of the stone and protected
it this indicates that the tablet was an
item of reverence possibly stored due to
newer traditions the tablet has serrated
edges like a saw which was the symbol of
02:23:37
both shamash and Saint Simon Zelotes in
earlier tradition the best relief on top
of the obverse pictured shows shamash
the sun-god beneath symbols of the Sun
moon and star the God is depicted in a
seated position
wearing a horned headdress holding the
rod and ring symbol in his right hand
there's another large Sun disc in front
of him on an altar suspended from above
by two figures of the three other
figures on the left the central one is
02:24:07
dressed in the same fashion as shamash
and is assumed to be the Babylonian king
Nabu apply Idina receiving the symbols
of deity
the scene contains three inscriptions
the first at the head of the tablet
reads one image of shamash the great
Lord
Chu who dwells in Abu baraa 3 which is
in sipar above the sun-god a second
inscription describes the position of
the depicted moon Sun and stars as being
02:24:38
over against the heavenly ocean on which
the scene sits the cuneiform text
beneath the stele is divided into
fifteen passages blending prose poetic
and rhetorical elements in the fashion
typical of Mesopotamian royal
inscriptions it tells how sipar and the
a Babar temple of shamash had fallen
into disrepair with the loss of the
statue of the god this cult image is
temporarily replaced with the solar disk
it's further described how a new figure
02:25:09
of shamash was found in an eastern part
of the Euphrates from which Naboo habla
Deena has constructed a new statue of a
OPS's Azul II in gold
to restore the cult similar iconographic
and prosaic parallels have been
evidenced by Mesopotamian and later
Jewish sources where the king who
restores the cult is seen like a deity
passing on divine symbols
[Music]
VA 243 solar system tablet one of the
02:25:58
most controversial seals ever discovered
and discussed among scholars is dubbed
VA 243 and seems to depict according to
many 12 planets within our solar system
with the Sun at its center the seal
which dates back at least from the 3rd
millennium BC can be found at the State
Museum in eastern Berlin and was
catalogued as VA 243 according to
numerous researchers this ancient
Akkadian cylinder seal is one of the
02:26:30
most ancient cylinder seals ever
discovered and appears to be one of the
most mysterious as well the seal is the
centerpiece of Sitchin's theory that the
Sumerians had advanced astronomical
knowledge of the planetary bodies in our
solar system this knowledge was
allegedly given to Sumerians by
extraterrestrials whom Sitchin
identifies as the Anunnaki gods of Sumer
Mesopotamian mythology in the upper left
hand corner of the seal Sitchin argues
one sees the Sun surrounded by eleven
02:27:02
Globes since ancient peoples including
the Sumerians according to Sitchin
held the Sun and Moon to be planets
these 11 Globes plus the Sun and up to
12 planets
of course since we now know of nine
planets plus our Sun and Moon part of
Sitchin's argument is that these
Sumerians knew of an extra planet beyond
Pluto this extra planet is considered by
Sitchin to be Nibiru an astronomical
02:27:39
body mentioned in Mesopotamian texts
Sitchin's work details as contention
that Nibiru passes through our solar
system every 3,600 years and so some
believe in Sitchin's theory contend that
Nibiru will return soon some followers
of Sitchin's ideas also refer to new
Bureau as Planet X
[Music]
[Music]
02:28:21
[Music]
the cylinder seal of a sure the winged
disc in the relief is probably that of
the moon since both the full and
crescent moon phases are shown the
tassels hanging down from the solar disk
are like the tassels from which the
solar disk of shamash is suspended as
shown below a moon symbol would be
appropriate to a relief of sana cherub
who's named after the moon God the
winged disc here therefore must be of
the moon God no doubt the protector of
02:28:58
sana cherith this relief from the
Northwest Palace of Ashurbanipal ii 883
to 859 bc showing anointing of the Tree
of Life a wing at God holds what appears
to be a pinecone and a pot with the
anointing oil above the Tree of Life is
the royal signet of the god asher the
god asher is depicted as a man with a
bow inside a winged solar disc or as a
winged solar disc in Assyrian reliefs we
02:29:30
can see the anointing of the Tree of
Life and the anointing involved a pot
probably containing the anointing oil
and a pinecone we see the ceremony being
conducted both by an attendant of the
palace and an eagle headed God the item
held in the hand of the Eagle headed God
is probably a bunch of grapes as it
appears to that effect in another relief
of him which shows the bunch of fruit
being plucked from the Tree of Life
where other bunches are depicted thus
the item in the hand of the Eagle headed
02:30:00
God would not likely be a pinecone
[Music]
the Sumerian star map the Sumerian star
map or planisphere recovered from the
650 BC underground library of King
Ashurbanipal in Nineveh Iraq in the late
19th century although late Babylonian in
origin computer analysis has matched the
tablets depiction of the heavens with
the Mesopotamian sky of 3300 BC showing
02:30:33
it to be a copy of an ancient Sumerian
original the tablet is a form of
astrolabe
the earliest known astronomical
instrument it consists of a segmented
disk shaped star chart with marked units
of angle measured inscribed upon the rim
unfortunately considerable parts of the
planisphere on this tablet are missing
approximately 40% damage which dates to
the sacking of Nineveh the reverse of
the tablet is not inscribed still under
study by modern scholars the planisphere
02:31:05
provides extraordinary evidence of
sumerian astronomy and a very
sophisticated astronomy at that in 2008
two authors alan bond and mark kemp
sille published a book about the tablet
called a sumerian observation of the
Koval's impact event raising a storm in
archeological circles they retranslated
the cuneiform text and found that the
tablet is far more than a standard
astrolabe it records an ancient asteroid
strike known as the Koval's impact which
02:31:36
travelled across the Middle East and
struck Austria in 3100 BC the
researchers believed it to be the same
event which rained molten rock fire and
ash upon Egypt and the ancient biblical
cities of sodom and gomorrah the tablet
depicts a circle divided by radial lines
into eight equal sectors the lines
radiating from the center to find eight
stellar sectors of 45 degrees each star
figures are found in six of these
sectors God names are used to signify
02:32:09
Orion and the Milky Way in addition to
known Sumerians Star constellation names
the eight sectors include constellations
depicted in addition to being written
along with star names and their
attendant symbols the intact sections
display cuneiform text naming stars and
constellations as well as points and
diagrams including arrows triangles
intersecting lines and an ellipse which
compromise schematic drawings of six
stars and constellations the
constellations depicted in each sector
02:32:41
are drawn as dots representing stars
connected by lines constellation figures
are identifiable in these six undamaged
sectors these stars and constellations
shown are identified as one Libra Chu
not identified three serious arrow for
Pegasus and Andromeda field and plough
five not identified six plea eights
seven Gemini 8 Hydra Corvis and Virgo
02:33:13
thus the circular star map divides the
night sky into eight sectors that
illustrates the most prominent
constellations and their direction of
movement
the instructions of Shura POC the
instructions of Shura POC are a set of
46 hundred year old Sumerian proverbs
given by a king to his son which
essentially set out how he should behave
the ancient inscriptions were engraved
in cuneiform script on clay tablets and
today they're among the oldest surviving
literary texts in the world several
02:33:48
researchers have compared the
instructions of Shura POC to the Ten
Commandments and some of the Proverbs in
the Bible the inscription reads in part
do not buy an ass which brace too much
do not commit rape upon a man's daughter
do not answer back against your father
even at the dawn of the written word
people look to a more ancient past Shura
PAC's instructions begin by recalling
those far remote days and those far
remote years as the source of the wisdom
02:34:18
it imparts linguists estimate that the
proto-indo-european language was spoken
around fifty five hundred years ago but
they've dated another ancient language
proto afro-asiatic the grandparent of
languages like ancient Egyptian Hebrew
and Arabic to 10,000 to 20,000 years old
[Music]
the stele of the vultures is one of
these sections of a monument from the
reign of Ian Adam in the early dynastic
third period 2600 220 350 BCE in
02:34:58
Mesopotamia celebrating the victory of
the city-state of lagash over its
neighbor state puma the stella shows
various battle and religious scenes and
is named after the vultures that can be
seen in one of them the steel was
originally carved out of a single slab
of limestone only seven fragments exist
today
they were found at Telo ancient gear sue
in southern iraq in the late 19th
century and are now on display in the
Louvre other sectors of the cellar
depict various incidents of the war in
02:35:30
one register the king stands in his
chariot with a curved weapon formed of
three bars of metal bound together by
rings in his right hand his kilted
followers with helmets on their heads
and Lance's in their hands marched
behind him in another register a figure
presumed to be that of the king rides on
his chariot in the thick of battle on
the other side of the steel is an image
of Nenita a God of War holding the
captive Umi eights
in a large net this implies that Ian's
02:36:01
Atum attributed his victory to Nenita
and thus that he was in God's protection
[Music]
the Bernie relief also known as the
queen of the night the queen of the
night
also known as the Bernie relief is a
high relief terracotta plaque of baked
clay measuring nineteen point four
inches forty nine and a half centimeters
high fourteen and a half inches 37
02:36:32
centimeters wide with a thickness of one
point eight inches four point eight
centimeters depicting a naked wing and
woman flanked by owls and standing on
the backs of two lions it originated in
southern Mesopotamia modern-day Iraq
most probably in Babylonia during the
reign of Hammurabi 1792 to 1750 BCE as
it shares these qualities in
craftsmanship and technique with the
famous diorite stele of Hammurabi's laws
02:37:03
and with the piece known as the God of
War from that same period the woman
depicted in the relief is acknowledged
to be a goddess as she wears the horn
headdress of a deity and holds the
sacred rod and ring symbol in erased
hands not only as the woman wing it but
her legs taper to bird talents which
seemed to grip the Lions backs and she's
shown with a do claw on her calves along
the base of the plaque runs a motif
which represents mountains indicating
02:37:35
high ground who the winged woman is
however has not been agreed upon those
scholars generally believed her to be
either
Anana Ishtar Lilith or a rush Google
VP's is presently part of the collection
of the British Museum room 56 in London
[Music]
the steel of king or namu or namu was
king of or in ancient Mesopotamia
southern Iraq around 2000 BC in 1925 a
02:38:12
joint expedition from the University of
Pennsylvania Museum and the British
Museum discovered dozens of fragments of
monument in honor of or namu because
such works have rarely survived the
Stella became one of the most famous
examples of Near Eastern art a status it
retains today these still had been 10
feet high with registers in relief of
scenes of religious practices on both
front and back by 1927 the best pieces
02:38:42
had been restored in Philadelphia into
an imagined version of the Stella with
plaster filling in the gaps but more
than twice as many small or worn pieces
were omitted from the restoration and
dutifully stored in boxes at the Museum
Genie voice can be realized that the
early reconstruction had been too hasty
and her meticulous painstaking
re-examination reveals a wealth of new
scenes that revised our understanding of
the monument the book includes the
justification of the reconstructions
02:39:14
description of the scenes speculation on
the ancient fate of the Stella as well
as a description of each piece with
photograph and drawing these vigorous
innovative scenes contradict the
long-held view from the old
reconstruction that the monument was
dull and repetitive in fact it's fresh
and vibrant with dynamic scenes peopled
by beautifully sculpted actors entirely
new evidence is presented here in
scientific detail including appendices
from Steven tinny of the museum's
02:39:45
babylonian section and tom's and fuller
conservationists the books conclusions
will be of major significance to
historians archaeologists art historians
biblical scholars and anthropologists
working in the ancient Near East and to
scholars concerned with institutions of
kinship religion and everyday life
Babylonian map of the world the
Babylonian map of the world is a
labelled depiction of the known world
from the perspective of Babylonians the
02:40:26
map is incised on a clay tablet showing
the city of Babylon somewhat to the
north of its centre the clay tablet is
damaged and contains a section of
cuneiform text it's usually dated to the
5th century BC it was discovered at SAP
our southern region Iraq 60 miles or 97
kilometers north of Babylon on the east
side of the Euphrates River and
published in 1899 the clay tablet
resides at the British Museum it is
conjectured that the island locations
02:40:57
though possibly referring to real areas
may also represent a mythological
interpretation of the world the map is
circular with two outer defined circles
cuneiform script labels all locations
inside the circular map as well as a few
regions outside the two outer circles
represent water in between and is
labeled as river of bitter water the
salt sea Babylon is at the center of the
map parallel lines on the bottom seem to
represent these southern marshes and a
02:41:28
curved line coming from the north
northeast appears to represent Zagros
Mountains there are seven small interior
circles at the perimeter area within the
circle and they appear to represent
seven cities seven triangular sections
on the external circle water perimeter
represent named islands but the damaged
clay tablet has lost the three islands
on the tablets lower edge the three
islands are named the place of the
Rising Sun the Sun is hidden and nothing
02:41:58
can be seen beyond the flight of birds
[Music]
the Royal game of or also known as the
game of twenty squares refers to an
ancient game represented by two game
boards found in the royal tombs of or in
Iraq by Sir Leonard Woolley
in the 1920s the two boards date from
the first dynasty of war before 2600 BC
thus making the Royal game of or one of
the oldest examples of board gaming
equipment found although Senate boards
found in Egyptian graves predated by as
02:42:38
much as nine hundred years the or style
twenty squares game board was also known
in Egypt as a Sabbath and has been found
in Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb among
other places discovery of a tablet
partially described the gameplay has
allowed the game to be played again
after over two thousand years although
reconstructions of the detailed rules
have differed widely one of the two
boards from or is exhibited in the
collection of the British Museum in
London
the Royal game of war was played with
02:43:09
two sets of seven markers one black and
one white and seven tetrahedral dice
some interpretations of the rules
suggest three dice for each player
others for after around 1000 BC the
layout of the twenty squares was altered
to make the end course for the markers a
straight line the rules of the game as
it was played in Mesopotamia are not
completely known but there have been
several reconstructions of gameplay
based on a cuneiform tablet of
02:43:39
Babylonian origin dating from 177 to 176
BC by the scribe it seemed our Duke
Bella - it's universally agreed that the
Royal game of or like Senate is a race
game both games may be predecessors to
the present-day
backgammon a graffito version of this
game was discovered on one of the human
headed winged bull gate sentinels from
the palace of Sargon the second 721 to
705 BC in the city of Khorsabad now in
02:44:10
the British Museum in London see
illustration some games have since been
discovered on other sculptures and other
museums
[Music]
[Music]
statue of Judea Judea was king of the
Sumerian city-state of lagash around the
22nd century BCE
after 200 years of servitude to Akkadian
overlords the Sumerians gained a measure
of freedom when northern tribes called
02:44:47
the GU Tian's started raiding the
Acadians it is in this window of
opportunity that gujhiya rule sumaré was
politically in decline but this period
is dubbed by some as the golden age for
the Sumerian arts because of the
artifacts of great artistic quality that
have been discovered judea was known to
be a shepherd king the title shepherd
king was often used by sumerian rulers
as a way to distinguish themselves from
neighboring cultures in Egypt for
example the King was regarded as a god
02:45:18
such Kings would lord over their
subjects in Sumer however Kings tended
to depict themselves as servants of the
people
Shepherds tend to the flock and protect
them from predators
as such the rulers in Sumer saw
themselves as herders of men the rulers
would take care of his subjects and
protect them in return these subjects
would willingly give their allegiance to
their ruler ghujiya however took this
concept a step further he refused the
title of lougle king and instead adopted
02:45:49
the title of NC governor the NZ was
subservient to the locale given that
gujia was the highest man in power some
believed that he chose the title NC
because he saw himself not as a king but
as a servant of the god Ning Gear sue a
God of law farming and hunting many
inscriptions have been discovered where
gujia details construction projects
including numerous temples to this deity
Judea was concerned for issues of social
justice and the social welfare of his
02:46:20
people both in the Steel's and the
statues that have remained it's
interesting to note that GU dia
resembles a priest more than he does a
king the garments he wears the bald head
and clean-shaven face points you
characteristics more common to priests
than kings we can see in Gudea how the
role of high priest and King was merged
into one
we also know that during this period
Judea had an active trade life with the
Mediterranean coast specifically the
regions encompassing modern Syria
02:46:51
Lebanon and Israel much of the cedar
wood and stone used in his construction
projects were brought from this area by
now you may be realizing where this is
going
there are some unavoidable similarities
in play between the biblical Melchisedec
and Judea of lagash statue of Judea of
lagash Melchisedec seems to reflect the
philosophy of Sumerian rulership much
like Judea in Melchizedek we see fusion
between the roles of King and high
priest who rules for the welfare and
02:47:23
peace of his people the named
Melchizedek itself means king of
righteousness or justice
[Music]
the oral Coquina
artifacts Luke Agena was a ruler and CEO
of the city-state lagash in Mesopotamia
he assumed the title of king claiming to
have been divinely appointed upon the
02:47:55
downfall of his corrupt predecessor
lougle andhe he is best known for his
reforms to combat corruption which are
sometimes cited as the first example of
a legal code in recorded history
although the actual text has not been
discovered much of its content may be
surmised from other references to it
that have been found in it he exempted
widows and orphans from taxes compelled
the city to pay funeral expenses
including the ritual food and drink
libations for the journey of the dead
02:48:25
into the lower world and decreed that
the rich must use silver when purchasing
from the poor and if the poor does not
wish to sell the powerful man the rich
man or the priest cannot force him to do
so the TEL asmar hoard sumerian
worshipers the twelve statues known
collectively as the TEL asmar hoard
early dynastic one to two circa 2900 to
02:48:54
25 50 BC were unearthed in 1933 at ash
noonah modern Tellez Mar in the Diala
Region of Iraq despite subsequent finds
at this site and others throughout the
greater Mesopotamian area they remain
the definitive example of the abstract
style of early dynastic temple sculpture
2900 BC to 2350 BC in the late 1920s
antique dealers in Baghdad were
acquiring copious quantities of unusual
02:49:26
high-quality artifacts from the desert
east of the Diyala River just north of
its confluence with the Tigris in 1929
the Oriental Institute at the University
of Chicago obtained a concession to
excavate the area James Henry breasted
1865 to 1935 the founder of the
Institute invited the Dutch
archaeologist Henry Frankfort 1897 to 19
fifty-four to lead the expedition they
02:49:56
uncovered temples palaces administrative
buildings and houses ranging in date
from about 3100 to 1750 BC the hundreds
of artifacts recovered from the
stratified ruins of these ancient Civic
structures greatly enhanced
understanding of early dynastic period
ization among the most well known and
best preserved objects are the twelve
statues known collectively as the Tellez
amar hoard the hoard was found during
02:50:25
the 1933 to 1934 excavation season at
Tellez Mawr beneath the floor of a
temple dedicated to the god abu these
statues were neatly stacked in an oblong
cavity beside an altar in the sanctuary
the careful placement suggests that they
were buried intentionally however the
reason for the burial and person or
persons responsible for doing so remains
unclear Frankford who wrote extensively
on the subject suggests that a priest
periodically buried old or badly damaged
02:50:58
statues to make room in the temple for
their replacements these statues of the
telus maar horde range in height from 21
centimeters 8.2 inches to 72 centimeters
28.3 inches of the 12 statues found 10
are male and to our female 8 of the
figures are made from gypsum 2 from
limestone and one the smallest from
alabaster all the figures except for the
one that is kneeling are rendered in a
standing position thin circular bases
02:51:29
were used as supports and large webbed
shaped feet provide the larger statues
with added durability the male's wear
kilts with a pattern hem that covers the
midsection and thighs their broad
shoulders and thick circular arms frame
the bare chest which is partially
covered by a black stylized beard all
the male's except for one that is bald
and clean-shaven have long hair rendered
in two symmetrical halves that frames
the smooth surfaces of the cheeks and
forehead
the large eyes which are undoubtedly the
02:52:02
most striking stylistic feature that the
statues share are made from inlays of
white shell and black limestone one
figure as pupils of lapis lazuli these
materials are secured to the head with
bitumen which was used as a pigment to
give the beard and hair its
characteristic black color both the hair
and the clothing though abstracted
accurately reflect Sumerian styles of
the early dynastic period the hoard was
discovered in a temple dedicated to Abu
02:52:33
the ancient near-eastern god of
fertility evidence from early dynastic
ruins at confession suggests that these
statues may have been arranged along the
walls of their sanctuary either on the
floor or on a low mud-brick bench before
they were buried some of the statues are
inscribed on the back and bottom with a
name and personalized silica torii
message while others simply state one
who offers prayers these inscriptions
indicate that the statues function as a
surrogate for male and female worshipers
02:53:04
who wish to leave their prayers with the
God Frankfort argued that the largest
figure in the horde is not an effigy of
a human worshipper but rather a
representation of the patron deity abou
he calls attention to several features
that set this statue apart from the rest
including the size the unnaturally large
eyes especially the pupils and the
emblematic carving of an eagle with
outstretched wings flanked by two
recumbent mountain goats carved on the
02:53:34
base the most famous sumerian gods
Anke and Gilgamesh
Anke who was alternately called iya and
king nin siku and newton mood was one of
the primary gods in the sumerian
pantheon he was in control of fresh
water wisdom and intelligence mischief
creation fertility and virility healing
hand crafts and art most of the artistic
depictions of him show him as an old man
with a long beard a horn hat and rich
02:54:07
robes he's climbing a majestic mountain
with the Sun rising over it while clear
water runs from his arms and symbolic
trees decorate his path the trees
indicate the masculine and feminine
sides of existence these streams of
water represent the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers Enki is loosely translated as
Lord of the earth
he began his existence as a god in Sumer
focused solely on freshwater and was
closely associated with the city of ear
ado this demonstrated his supreme
importance because all life comes from
02:54:39
the water and that particular city was
considered the first one ever created
the earliest mentions of Enki showed up
around 2600 BCE during the early
dynastic period illa he was reimagined
as iya my Acadians approximately two
hundred years later
archaeological explorations however
found some evidence of smaller shrines
to the original water God as far back as
5000 BCE his different purposes and
names journeyed with him through a
02:55:10
variety of cities and empires Enki's
origin i knew the god of the sky for
both Akkadian and Sumerian religious
worship was given as an geez father in
those cultures in Babylonian stories his
father was considered OPSEU who created
existence itself and his mother was not
moved who gave birth to the earth in the
sky Anke was weighed to nimma and they
bore us our louis god of magic and be
lulu god of canals Marduk the king of
02:55:42
the gods and adop who is a human wise
man according to the myth about Enghien
in her song the God also sired eight
additional children with her
please included a boo god of plants and
in chula the god of precious metal and
in situ goddess of healing Ninkasi the
goddess of beer non she the goddess of
justice and divination Asamoah another
goddess of healing and wife of the god
of the underworld I'm shocked got a
fertility and nin tea the goddess who
02:56:15
has considered the giver of life
Anke was frequently said to be the
father of banana a very popular goddess
of fertility love this very productive
God showed up in a wealth of legends and
myths with his wife or one or more of
his offspring and aside these include
inscriptions specifically created for
various kings throughout the years and
those written creatively by literary
experts and scribes of the time in
general the main themes seem to be the
creation of the world and people and
stories of Marduk specifically and his
02:56:46
battle against chaos
Anke özil features in the famous epic of
gilgamesh
the anu mulisch origin story written
about 1100 BCE babylonian story called
an umma elihss features Enki is the son
of the primordial gods existed since the
beginning of time the origin of
everything started with the masculine
existence of fresh water called OPSEU
and the feminine existence of salt water
called Tiamat as they came together they
created the earliest seven gods and
02:57:18
goddesses together unfortunately these
young deities were occasionally noisy
bothered OPSEU so much while he was
trying to sleep that he decided to
destroy all of them Tiamat being the
doting mother that she was found this
idea horrific and warned dunkey about
his father's plans to thwart the
impending murder he was able to kill
OPSEU after he fell asleep TMI became
equally horrified that her son would do
such a thing to her husband and
immediately disowned all of her children
creating a demonic army got her consort
02:57:50
Quinn go to lead them and sent them
against Anki and the other early gods
this is where Marduk son of Anki stepped
in in exchange for his might and
leadership skills he insisted that he
could lead the holy army
against the demonic horde and destroy
them instead of the younger gods taking
turns as the leader and failing every
time they decided to take this new
opportunity and elected Marv Duke is the
king he was able to destroy Quinn gooo
shoot TM out with a magical arrow that
divided her into two pieces which would
02:58:21
ultimately become the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers the remaining parts of
her body became the landmasses of the
earth the gods all got together and used
Quinn goos remains to fashion the first
people although Marduk did most of the
action surrounding the origin of the
world in humans he asked Anke how to do
things and for his blessing throughout
the entire process
therefore Enki is usually considered the
creator god the Atrahasis of Babylon and
02:58:52
acadia sometime in the sixteen hundreds
BCE another creation story called the
otra houses was written well the exact
process of creation of the world and
people were considered different it was
still Anki who was considered the top
God and orchestrator of it all it all
starts with a description of older gods
lazing about and doing nothing well the
younger ones have to struggle day in and
day out to maintain the world that was
created they cannot raster take a break
Anke brings up the great idea to create
a race of beings subservient to them who
02:59:24
could do the work instead however they
cannot figure out how to make them until
one of the gods named Lilu decides to
sacrifice himself for the formative
physical materials the goddess nin
herzog transforms his body and blood
into a type of pottery clay with which
she forms seven men and seven women they
procreate ratalie and fill the land with
thousands of people doing the work for
the gods and goddesses at first this all
seems like a very good thing the younger
gods do not have to toil all day anymore
02:59:55
however so many people are born that
they make so much noise and are so
active that it disturbs and leo the
father god and makes it difficult for
him to relax and enjoy his leisure time
activities so he sends a few plagues
including droughts famines and
pestilence across the land to kill a
large number of the people so they're
quieter
Anke takes pity on the people and gives
them instructions about how they can
stop all these problems and restore
balance once more and lille notices that
as plagues are not having the desired
effect it minimizing the number of
03:00:26
people on earth anymore they just keep
multiplying after much discussion with
the higher God's he sends a massive
worldwide flood across the world in
order to destroy all life that the
younger God's created Anki tries to stop
him but in the end he's unsuccessful
therefore he journeys down to earth and
tells a man named Atrahasis who will
become the inspiration for Noah in the
Christian Bible to build a massive ship
for his family and many animals when the
great flood comes he and his family
03:00:56
alone are saved both the people and the
lesser gods are distraught over so much
death and destruction they cry and beg
and leal to stop the serife ik idea but
he does not realize the folly of his
ways until everyone's dead the flood
retreats to reveal that otra Haase
survived because of Angie's warning he
and the animals emerge from the ship and
he and his family worship the gods and
make sacrifices to appease them and Lia
was both impressed at the man's piety
and severely angry that Enki defied him
by telling one human how to escape his
03:01:28
wrath eventually Enlil calms down and
the gods decide to create a new type of
being that will not populate the earth
as quickly as the one sacred before in
order to control the population they
create less fertile people allowed
demons to carry babies away make some of
the women miscarry and other women
perpetually virgin because they were
claimed by the gods the lifespan of
human beings was also minimized and the
risks increased while Enki seems to be
on the side of humanity in these stories
he also does a lot of beneficial things
03:02:00
for other gods and goddesses both in his
direct lineage and outside of it for
example he helps the gods of destruction
Nergal remain outside the underworld for
half of every year he also arranges for
his daughter and Nonna's rescue from the
netherworld after her death throughout
various tales and legends is usually
shown as a very wise and cunning God who
can figure out the solutions to a
diverse range of problems he's dedicated
to his family especially Anana and
frequently helps to restore
balanced to situations that seem
generally out of control one example of
03:02:33
this comes from the poem the descent of
Inanna ultimately she's saved from death
and has given various understandings and
gifts that she can do so on humanity
Anke makes choices that are seemingly
against with the other God's desire and
he's temporarily considered a trickster
in these stories
however it's generally shown by the end
they as a considerably enlightened
outlook and takes actions based on the
end result in the epic of gilgamesh he
allows and cue to get killed for example
when Anana tries to seduce Gilgamesh and
03:03:03
is rebuffed Enki protects his daughters
ego by allowing the ball of heaven to
destroy him well this does not
originally sound like something that
Anke would allow for such an epic and
heroic figure as Gilgamesh the end
result justifies the means he recognizes
that Gilgamesh will therefore learn
about loss in such a way as to affect
his understanding of life in general and
how to live a good one
Anke is generally considered a
sympathetic character in the tales he
appears and even when his actions seem
03:03:33
morally challenging worship of Enki is
the patron of ear ado ear ado was
largely considered the first city on
earth
Anke was therefore adopted as the patron
god of the city it was first created
around 5,400 BCE and would stand strong
as a political religious and commerce
area for thousands of years it features
heavily in tales and legends stretching
from Mesopotamia all the way through the
Hebrew creation of the Old Testament and
beyond what our geologists and
researchers reached
03:04:04
irri do many millennia after its
founding they were surprised to find a
large number of shrines dedicated to
Enki that have been in use for centuries
in fact some of the earliest ones were
constructed and augmented or rebuilt for
over a thousand years during all this
time and Kidd become exceptionally
popular God outside of the city as well
nevertheless ear ado remained his
essential home and hub of worship he was
associated with subterranean fresh water
that flowed in this region the temples
of ankor were controlled by an entire
03:04:36
network of priests who did a variety of
tasks associated with shrine maintenance
worship except
and the use of sacrifices healing in
public care when it came to things like
food distribution and serving the poor
they did not hold regular ceremonial
services but did organize festivals and
special events the people who lived in
the city would have private services or
offer prayers to Enki on their own
Anke was so much more than the protector
of the city and ruler of the
subterranean waters because he was one
of the high gods that existed since
03:05:07
virtually the beginning of time people
found him considerably important in a
variety of ways therefore they
attributed to him a host of powers that
attracted a variety of creatures and
beings into his service these would
include giants mermaids and mermen
demons and more representative as they
were of the towering heights of
civilization at the time and see deep
dark deaths a reality Agee was
considered a source of universal wisdom
and protection he was ultimately a very
human focus God who used his power for
03:05:37
the benefit of people rather than for
his own whims
the only other God more famous than Enki
if not equal is Gilgamesh much of what
we learn of him comes from his famous
poem the Epic of Gilgamesh commonly
considered one of the first pieces of
fictional literature in the world the
Epic of Gilgamesh has influenced many
later stories and writers knowing this
today it may come as a surprise that the
story was lost for the majority of the
time it existed around 1612 BCE the
03:06:08
needs and Babylonians attacked the
Assyrian Empire destroying many of its
cities including Nineveh and took over
the land
Nineveh had been considered the capital
of the Empire at that time and had an
extensive library full of clay tablets
upon which were written all the stories
collected from the civilization despite
the Babylonians attempting to destroy it
all by fire the clay tablets were simply
baked instead of ruined although they
failed to get rid of all this literature
and records the building did collapse on
top of them and buried them all for
03:06:39
thousands of years they were finally
unearthed again in the mid 1800s when
European explorers started their
archeological digs
the goal of these early historians
researchers and representatives of
museums and governments was to prove
biblical stories from the Old Testament
the Christian holy book did mention many
of the rulers and cities from the
Mesopotamian civilization so the people
in power believed that there must be
other stories of these great times
buried in the ruins excavations took
years and many interesting artifacts
03:07:10
were found the interest in discovering
biblical evidence ramped up considerably
when Charles Darwin published his
scientific treaty used in 1859 seee
interestingly enough the researchers did
not discover what they were looking for
instead of locating proof that the
biblical stories were original and true
they found evidence that most of them
had been borrowed from earlier tales the
things that Christians believed such as
the story of the Garden of Eden and
Noah's Ark we're not ultimately a part
of that religion at all instead they
03:07:42
came from the pantheistic beliefs of the
Sumerian people they were derived from
the legends and myths of a society that
the Christian believers would have
denounced as ungodly due to their
beliefs and multiple gods and goddesses
and how the entire realm of spirituality
functioned when the library of clay
tablets and what was Nineveh was first
discovered it showed the world that the
Christian Bible was not the source of
all literary information about how the
world was created or how their singular
God ruled over it instead the earliest
civilization on earth already had many
03:08:14
of the innovations literature styles
agricultural advancements technologies
and belief systems in place that were
later attributed to others for example
many people believe that Homer the great
Greek literary expert was the father of
the heroic epic tale he created the
stories around 800 BCE with the finding
of the clay tablets from Mesopotamia it
became obvious that this form of writing
was around for hundreds if not thousands
of years before then
Austen Henry Layard brought the epic of
03:08:45
gilgamesh to light in 18-49 C II while
there were multiple formats of the story
the most complete one was written in
Akkadian and covered twelve tablets
buried under the Fallen library building
in what had been a sure ban upon the
Epic of Gilgamesh story on eleven of the
twelve tablets historians could decipher
the now well-known tale about Gilgamesh
the twelfth tablet is an alternative
form of the story in which a man named
Bill games which had been an accepted
03:09:16
form of Gilgamesh according to other
archaeological finds journeyed to the
nether world in a different way in most
cases the first eleven tablets are taken
as the bulk of the story that was
written all at the same time the whole
thing started as an epic poem in Sumer
these scribes later on translated into
Akkadian the original name for the story
was he who saw the deep or surpassing
all other Kings the original writing
occurred anywhere from 700 to a thousand
years after King aruch reigned it's said
03:09:48
to have been the story about him
specifically there were earlier stories
about the same character who was
described as a human hero and a demigod
who was related to annona one of the
highest goddesses of the Mesopotamian
Pantheon although the human equivalent
of Gilgamesh is not sufficiently precise
it's obvious to researchers that he was
a powerful symbol of humanity in general
his epic might was considered tempered
by the types of struggles that everyday
people had to go through these included
03:10:17
loss death and existential dread the man
who wrote the Epic of Gilgamesh was
named sin lucky Unni knee or moon god
accept my plea he lived somewhere in the
period between 1300 and 1000 BCE and is
considered one of the first literary
writers in the world he's also
considered the originator of the heroic
epic form of story more so than other
writers who came before him he was by
some considered a Mesopotamian Homer who
contributed just as important types of
03:10:49
literature to the world as
any of the grates that followed after
him the epic of gilgamesh follows the
king of Uruk and his friends and kido on
a quest through various landscapes in
order to find the secret of eternal life
the person who supposedly holds the
secret of life was named upin episteme
the entire story includes journeys
through massive forests across great
rivers and for many interesting and
mystical locations because Gilgamesh was
said to be this particular king there
are factual historical records of his
03:11:21
reign in life besides the piece of
literature that includes fictional
events the king who was supposedly the
son of a priest and the goddess nin soon
or great holy mother would have made him
a demigod and thus quite powerful on
earth a lot of Mesopotamian kings took
on the role of deity in order to make
themselves seem more powerful the
combination of godly power and mortal
humbleness would have been especially
interesting to the people reading or
hearing the story back then in the story
itself the king was cruel and
03:11:52
egotistical he did not treat the people
under him with much kindness or
consideration in order to teach him
humility he sent a wild man named Enkidu
to the king to challenge his power in a
very physical way the story describes
how and Ketu was lured into the palace
by sham hot and then brought before the
king there's a physical challenge a
fight that in Quito loses and a new bond
of friendship between the two men
gilgamesh's mother even adopts in Quito
into their family the rest of the story
03:12:23
includes quite a lot of other physical
battles when journeying through the
cedar forest together they come across a
fierce demon named oom baba and the bull
of heaven who insults Anana
and states that in quito must die
because of this blood price that must be
paid
Gilgamesh realizes his own mortality and
the weak mortal failings of the flesh
having lost his best friend and brother
he becomes distraught and despairs that
he will one day die like inky who did
the quest for eternal life begins
03:12:55
Gilgamesh struggles through various
other obstacles such as the land of
night and the waters of deaths until he
comes to town episteme a man who is said
to know the secrets of eternal life he
is the origin of Noah in the story of
the Christian Bible about the great
flood and one man being saved by
building an ark after iya told to him
bouton episteme constructed the massive
boat and brought many animals on board
to save them the ancient immortal gives
Gilgamesh various tasks to do to prove
03:13:25
that he's worthy of eternal life the
first is to stay awake for six days but
he's unable to do so he then tells the
hero to fetch a magical plant Gilgamesh
succeeds but the plant is machined by a
snake that sneaks in during the night
after these failures Gilgamesh was sent
back home with the knowledge that
there's nothing he can do to avoid tests
in the future the entire story is a
teaching tale that shows how people can
strive and fight against the passage of
time and eventual death all that evil to
tribal
it's ultimately about finding your own
03:13:57
purpose in life and the reason to
journey on and overcome the challenges
presented to the epic of gilgamesh is
ultimately a story of failure but it
teaches a lot using allegory and
symbolism that demonstrates a very rich
literary form for the first heroic
African history people can relate to his
struggles both nearly 5000 years ago in
Mesopotamia and today throughout all
those millennia he's shown up in
different stories and books across
multiple civilizations in this way it
seems the Gilgamesh or the King Farouk
03:14:27
has achieved the immortality he was
originally after
the Amarna letters the Amarna letters
were inscribed on clay tablets somewhere
in the 1400s BCE the style of writing
used on them was Mesopotamian style Kili
form in the Akkadian script
interestingly enough these tablets were
not found in the center of Mesopotamian
civilization instead they were
discovered by archaeologists and tell
el-amarna of prominent city in Egypt
that was the capital when Amenhotep the
03:14:58
fourth was the pharaoh this style of
writing was that developed in ancient
Egypt at that time instead the Amarna
letters show that diverse groups of
people adopted this language as their
own in places outside of those
controlled this is quite an interesting
discovery for researchers who are
studying the early formation of written
language and inscription it seems
appropriate for a group of tablets
called the Amarna letters most of them
were communications to and from the
egyptian king and rulers in other
Mediterranean civilizations of the time
03:15:29
not only did they include greetings and
ordinary things like that but they also
hold records of myths and legends poetry
lexical texts and what appears to be
writing lessons or even vocabulary lists
today the Amarna letters tablets are
scattered across the world in various
museums the discovery of these letters
occurred around 1887
but there's not a definitive story about
how they were found some of the reports
contradict each other and others seem to
give credit to people who are not
03:16:00
involved many of the reports are
secondhand and indicate that the tablets
which would become the Amarna letters
were found by peasants farmers and other
commoners they may have been discovered
by private adventures who are not
associated with a particular museum or
company what archaeologists went back to
tell el-amarna to learn more about the
discovery they encountered more
confusion and discrepancy some of the
local population indicated that they
were found in a so-called records office
or the place of the correspondence of
03:16:32
Pharaoh
although there are clear records that
some other tablets and texts were found
here the amarna letters were probably
not all in this location at any time the
general consensus is that not all the
tablets came from one place instead they
were scattered about multiple official
buildings in the administrative complex
in the Egyptian city the experts who
have studied these cuneiform letters
have found quite a lot of interesting
historical evidence and information
about Egypt other Mediterranean groups
and the communication they shared in
03:17:02
some ways these tablets show some of the
earliest international relations in the
world they come in two varieties most of
the letters seem to come from vassals or
lesser nobility in the Egyptian
controlled area these cities and
kingdoms were called the Levant
it's easy to see that the people who
wrote these were very interested in
paying homage to the king as they
frequently identified him as Lord and
the son they frequently signed the
letters with the words your servant as
would be expected from any entered
kingdom communications letters mostly
03:17:33
complained about political issues nearby
rulers and trade the smaller portion of
these letters came from outside kings
and rulers and were addressed to the
Egyptian ruler or these smaller leaven
teams in these the kings of Assyria
Babylonia haughty and Mitani did not
show deference to the Pharaoh instead
they called him brother and spoke about
mutually beneficial exchanges in trade
some of these tablets mentioned gold
lapis lazuli jewelry chariots and other
valuable resources there were even a few
03:18:05
letters that discuss the possibility of
royal marriages to bind different
countries houses together perhaps the
most unique letter in the collection was
from Ashur Ubbe leet the first a leader
in Assyria that represents the first
communication between him and the
Pharaoh it would be appropriate he also
offered to find horses and chariots
lapis lazuli stone trinkets and asked if
he could send a messenger to visit Egypt
on his behalf
most of the requests in the letter work
half practical and half promotional the
03:18:36
rulers wanted to establish trade and get
protection from other countries nearby
but they also wanted the benefit of
raising their status because of these
associations in order to impress the
recipient as much as possible the
scribes were undoubtedly told to use
highly elaborate and respectful
greetings included multiple titles
honors and wishes for good health and a
long life to both the king and his
family
although the Amarna letters are usually
looked upon as historical documents that
show political and economic connections
between the ancient civilisations many
03:19:06
believe they were probably read out loud
to the king in the court which would
transform them from mere historical
documents into ceremonial artifacts to
the appearance of some of the tablets
seemed to indicate that format itself
was often augmented to impress most of
all Egyptian writing was painted in
pictorial hieroglyphics on papyrus paper
the Akkadian and Mesopotamian script was
carved with wedge-shaped symbols into
flat clay some indications of sprucing
things up comes from the extra-large
03:19:36
tablets decorative margins and sections
of the letter that were marked off for
other purposes although these and other
changes may have simply been decorative
they may have also indicated different
rulers personal style or stamp of
identification not only with the tablet
itself making impression on the Pharaoh
but the messenger with a unique outfit
and presentation style would show the
quality of the person sending them and
their respect and honor for the
recipient luckily for modern researchers
the amount of letters were stored quite
safely in the records office and nearby
03:20:08
buildings in Egypt there were over 350
different letters in total and they were
probably saved so carefully so that the
rulers could check back through the
files to see who gave what gift
and when our respectful a particular
Levant or foreign ruler was and to
verify requests and marriage offers
conversely perhaps saving these unique
foreign missives was part of the status
seeking behavior of the rulers who
receive them after all if they were
important enough to get dozens of
cuneiform tablet letters from other
important people there surely worthy of
03:20:40
respect and admiration
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